Microsoft Windows 8 Pro

Allows programs to open data files in specified directories as if they were in
the current directory.

APPEND [[drive:]path[;...]] [/X[:ON | :OFF]] [/PATH:ON | /PATH:OFF] [/E]
APPEND ;

  [drive:]path Specifies a drive and directory to append.
  /X:ON        Applies appended directories to file searches and
               application execution.
  /X:OFF       Applies appended directories only to requests to open files.
               /X:OFF is the default setting.
  /PATH:ON     Applies appended directories to file requests that already
               specify a path.  /PATH:ON is the default setting.
  /PATH:OFF    Turns off the effect of /PATH:ON.
  /E           Stores a copy of the appended directory list in an environment
               variable named APPEND.  /E may be used only the first time
               you use APPEND after starting your system.

Type APPEND ; to clear the appended directory list.
Type APPEND without parameters to display the appended directory list.

Displays and modifies the IP-to-Physical address translation tables used by
address resolution protocol (ARP).

ARP -s inet_addr eth_addr [if_addr]
ARP -d inet_addr [if_addr]
ARP -a [inet_addr] [-N if_addr] [-v]

  -a            Displays current ARP entries by interrogating the current
                protocol data.  If inet_addr is specified, the IP and Physical
                addresses for only the specified computer are displayed.  If
                more than one network interface uses ARP, entries for each ARP
                table are displayed.
  -g            Same as -a.
  -v            Displays current ARP entries in verbose mode.  All invalid 
                entries and entries on the loop-back interface will be shown.
  inet_addr     Specifies an internet address.
  -N if_addr    Displays the ARP entries for the network interface specified
                by if_addr.
  -d            Deletes the host specified by inet_addr. inet_addr may be 
                wildcarded with * to delete all hosts.
  -s            Adds the host and associates the Internet address inet_addr
                with the Physical address eth_addr.  The Physical address is
                given as 6 hexadecimal bytes separated by hyphens. The entry
                is permanent.
  eth_addr      Specifies a physical address.
  if_addr       If present, this specifies the Internet address of the
                interface whose address translation table should be modified.
                If not present, the first applicable interface will be used.
Example:
  > arp -s 157.55.85.212   00-aa-00-62-c6-09  .... Adds a static entry.
  > arp -a                                    .... Displays the arp table.

ASSOC

Displays or modifies file extension associations

ASSOC [.ext[=[fileType]]]

  .ext      Specifies the file extension to associate the file type with
  fileType  Specifies the file type to associate with the file extension

Type ASSOC without parameters to display the current file associations.
If ASSOC is invoked with just a file extension, it displays the current
file association for that file extension.  Specify nothing for the file
type and the command will delete the association for the file extension.

The AT command has been deprecated. Please use schtasks.exe instead.

The AT command schedules commands and programs to run on a computer at      
a specified time and date. The Schedule service must be running to use      
the AT command.
                                                           
AT [\\computername] [ [id] [/DELETE] | /DELETE [/YES]]                    
AT [\\computername] time [/INTERACTIVE]
    [ /EVERY:date[,...] | /NEXT:date[,...]] "command"

\\computername     Specifies a remote computer. Commands are scheduled on the
                   local computer if this parameter is omitted.             
id                 Is an identification number assigned to a scheduled      
                   command.                                                 
/delete            Cancels a scheduled command. If id is omitted, all the
                   scheduled commands on the computer are canceled.
/yes               Used with cancel all jobs command when no further
                   confirmation is desired.
time               Specifies the time when command is to run.
/interactive       Allows the job to interact with the desktop of the user   
                   who is logged on at the time the job runs.
/every:date[,...]  Runs the command on each specified day(s) of the week or
                   month. If date is omitted, the current day of the month
                   is assumed.                                              
/next:date[,...]   Runs the specified command on the next occurrence of the
                   day (for example, next Thursday).  If date is omitted, the
                   current day of the month is assumed.
"command"          Is the Windows NT command, or batch program to be run.

ATTRIB

Displays or changes file attributes.

ATTRIB [+R | -R] [+A | -A ] [+S | -S] [+H | -H] [+I | -I] 
       [drive:][path][filename] [/S [/D] [/L]]

  +   Sets an attribute.
  -   Clears an attribute.
  R   Read-only file attribute.
  A   Archive file attribute.
  S   System file attribute.
  H   Hidden file attribute.
  I   Not content indexed file attribute.
  X   No scrub file attribute.
  V   Integrity attribute.  
  [drive:][path][filename]
      Specifies a file or files for attrib to process.
  /S  Processes matching files in the current folder
      and all subfolders.
  /D  Processes folders as well.
  /L  Work on the attributes of the Symbolic Link versus
      the target of the Symbolic Link

Usage: AuditPol command [<sub-command><options>]


Commands (only one command permitted per execution)
  /?               Help (context-sensitive)
  /get             Displays the current audit policy.
  /set             Sets the audit policy.
  /list            Displays selectable policy elements.
  /backup          Saves the audit policy to a file.
  /restore         Restores the audit policy from a file.
  /clear           Clears the audit policy.
  /remove          Removes the per-user audit policy for a user account.
  /resourceSACL    Configure global resource SACLs


Use AuditPol <command> /? for details on each command

Bcdboot - Bcd boot file creation and repair tool.

The bcdboot.exe command-line tool is used to copy critical boot files to the
system partition and to create a new system BCD store.

bcdboot <source> [/l <locale>] [/s <volume-letter> [/f <firmware>]] [/v]
                 [/m [{OS Loader ID}]] [/addlast]

  source     Specifies the location of the windows system root.

  /l         Specifies an optional locale parameter to use when
           initializing the BCD store. The default is US English.

  /s         Specifies an optional volume letter parameter to designate
             the target system partition where boot environment files are
             copied.  The default is the system partition identified by
             the firmware.

  /v         Enables verbose mode.

  /m         If an OS loader GUID is provided, this option merges the
             given loader object with the system template to produce a
             bootable entry. Otherwise, only global objects are merged.

  /d         Specifies that the existing default windows boot entry
             should be preserved.

  /f         Used with the /s command, specifies the firmware type of the
             target system partition. Options for <firmware> are 'UEFI',
             'BIOS', or 'ALL'.

  /addlast   Specifies that the windows boot manager firmware entry
             should be added last. The default behavior is to add it
             first.

Examples: bcdboot c:\windows /l en-us
          bcdboot c:\windows /s h:
          bcdboot c:\windows /s h: /f UEFI
          bcdboot c:\windows /m {d58d10c6-df53-11dc-878f-00064f4f4e08}
          bcdboot c:\windows /d /addlast

BCDEDIT

BCDEDIT - Boot Configuration Data Store Editor

The Bcdedit.exe command-line tool modifies the boot configuration data store.
The boot configuration data store contains boot configuration parameters and
controls how the operating system is booted. These parameters were previously
in the Boot.ini file (in BIOS-based operating systems) or in the nonvolatile
RAM entries (in Extensible Firmware Interface-based operating systems). You can
use Bcdedit.exe to add, delete, edit, and append entries in the boot
configuration data store.

For detailed command and option information, type bcdedit.exe /? <command>. For
example, to display detailed information about the /createstore command, type:

     bcdedit.exe /? /createstore

For an alphabetical list of topics in this help file, run "bcdedit /? TOPICS".

Commands that operate on a store
================================
/createstore    Creates a new and empty boot configuration data store.
/export         Exports the contents of the system store to a file. This file
                can be used later to restore the state of the system store.
/import         Restores the state of the system store using a backup file
                created with the /export command.
/sysstore       Sets the system store device (only affects EFI systems, does
                not persist across reboots, and is only used in cases where
                the system store device is ambiguous).

Commands that operate on entries in a store
===========================================
/copy           Makes copies of entries in the store.
/create         Creates new entries in the store.
/delete         Deletes entries from the store.
/mirror         Creates mirror of entries in the store.

Run bcdedit /? ID for information about identifiers used by these commands.

Commands that operate on entry options
======================================
/deletevalue    Deletes entry options from the store.
/set            Sets entry option values in the store.

Run bcdedit /? TYPES for a list of datatypes used by these commands.
Run bcdedit /? FORMATS for a list of valid data formats.

Commands that control output
============================
/enum           Lists entries in the store.
/v              Command-line option that displays entry identifiers in full,
                rather than using names for well-known identifiers.
                Use /v by itself as a command to display entry identifiers
                in full for the ACTIVE type.

Running "bcdedit" by itself is equivalent to running "bcdedit /enum ACTIVE".

Commands that control the boot manager
======================================
/bootsequence   Sets the one-time boot sequence for the boot manager.
/default        Sets the default entry that the boot manager will use.
/displayorder   Sets the order in which the boot manager displays the
                multiboot menu.
/timeout        Sets the boot manager time-out value.
/toolsdisplayorder  Sets the order in which the boot manager displays
                    the tools menu.

Commands that control Emergency Management Services for a boot application
==========================================================================
/bootems        Enables or disables Emergency Management Services
                for a boot application.
/ems            Enables or disables Emergency Management Services for an
                operating system entry.
/emssettings    Sets the global Emergency Management Services parameters.

Command that control debugging
==============================
/bootdebug      Enables or disables boot debugging for a boot application.
/dbgsettings    Sets the global debugger parameters.
/debug          Enables or disables kernel debugging for an operating system
                entry.
/hypervisorsettings  Sets the hypervisor parameters.

BITSADMIN version 3.0 [ 7.6.9200 ]
BITS administration utility.
(C) Copyright 2000-2006 Microsoft Corp.

BITSAdmin is deprecated and is not guaranteed to be available in future versions of Windows.
Administrative tools for the BITS service are now provided by BITS PowerShell cmdlets.

USAGE: BITSADMIN [/RAWRETURN] [/WRAP | /NOWRAP] command
The following commands are available:

/HELP           Prints this help 
/?              Prints this help 
/UTIL /?        Prints the list of utilities commands 
/PEERCACHING /?   Prints the list of commands to manage Peercaching
/CACHE /?       Prints the list of cache management commands 
/PEERS /?       Prints the list of peer management commands

/LIST    [/ALLUSERS] [/VERBOSE]     List the jobs
/MONITOR [/ALLUSERS] [/REFRESH sec] Monitors the copy manager
/RESET   [/ALLUSERS]                Deletes all jobs in the manager

/TRANSFER <job name> [type] [/PRIORITY priority] [/ACLFLAGS flags] 
          remote_url local_name
    Transfers one of more files.
    [type] may be /DOWNLOAD or /UPLOAD; default is download
    Multiple URL/file pairs may be specified.
    Unlike most commands, <job name> may only be a name and not a GUID.

/CREATE [type] <job name>               Creates a job
    [type] may be /DOWNLOAD, /UPLOAD, or /UPLOAD-REPLY; default is download
    Unlike most commands, <job name> may only be a name and not a GUID.

/INFO <job> [/VERBOSE]                   Displays information about the job
/ADDFILE <job> <remote_url> <local_name> Adds a file to the job
/ADDFILESET <job> <textfile>             Adds multiple files to the job
   Each line of <textfile> lists a file's remote name and local name, separated
   by spaces.  A line beginning with '#' is treated as a comment.
   Once the file set is read into memory, the contents are added to the job.

/ADDFILEWITHRANGES  <job> <remote_url> <local_name range_list>
   Like /ADDFILE, but BITS will read only selected byte ranges of the URL.
   range_list is a comma-delimited series of offset and length pairs.
   For example,

       0:100,2000:100,5000:eof

   instructs BITS to read 100 bytes starting at offset zero, 100 bytes starting
   at offset 2000, and the remainder of the URL starting at offset 5000.

/REPLACEREMOTEPREFIX <job> <old_prefix> <new_prefix>
    All files whose URL begins with <old_prefix> are changed to use <new_prefix>

Note that BITS currently supports HTTP/HTTPS downloads and uploads.
It also supports UNC paths and file:// paths as URLS

/LISTFILES <job>                     Lists the files in the job
/SUSPEND <job>                       Suspends the job
/RESUME <job>                        Resumes the job
/CANCEL <job>                        Cancels the job
/COMPLETE <job>                      Completes the job

/GETTYPE <job>                       Retrieves the job type
/GETACLFLAGS <job>                   Retrieves the ACL propagation flags

/SETACLFLAGS <job> <ACL_flags>       Sets the ACL propagation flags for the job
  O - OWNER       G - GROUP 
  D - DACL        S - SACL  

  Examples:
      bitsadmin /setaclflags MyJob OGDS
      bitsadmin /setaclflags MyJob OGD

/GETBYTESTOTAL <job>                 Retrieves the size of the job
/GETBYTESTRANSFERRED <job>           Retrieves the number of bytes transferred
/GETFILESTOTAL <job>                 Retrieves the number of files in the job
/GETFILESTRANSFERRED <job>           Retrieves the number of files transferred
/GETCREATIONTIME <job>               Retrieves the job creation time
/GETMODIFICATIONTIME <job>           Retrieves the job modification time
/GETCOMPLETIONTIME <job>             Retrieves the job completion time
/GETSTATE <job>                      Retrieves the job state
/GETERROR <job>                      Retrieves detailed error information
/GETOWNER <job>                      Retrieves the job owner
/GETDISPLAYNAME <job>                Retrieves the job display name
/SETDISPLAYNAME <job> <display_name> Sets the job display name
/GETDESCRIPTION <job>                Retrieves the job description
/SETDESCRIPTION <job> <description>  Sets the job description
/GETPRIORITY    <job>                Retrieves the job priority
/SETPRIORITY    <job> <priority>     Sets the job priority
   Priority usage choices:
      FOREGROUND 
      HIGH
      NORMAL
      LOW
/GETNOTIFYFLAGS <job>                 Retrieves the notify flags
/SETNOTIFYFLAGS <job> <notify_flags>  Sets the notify flags
    For more help on this option, please refer to the MSDN help page for SetNotifyFlags
/GETNOTIFYINTERFACE <job>             Determines if notify interface is registered
/GETMINRETRYDELAY <job>               Retrieves the retry delay in seconds
/SETMINRETRYDELAY <job> <retry_delay> Sets the retry delay in seconds
/GETNOPROGRESSTIMEOUT <job>           Retrieves the no progress timeout in seconds
/SETNOPROGRESSTIMEOUT <job> <timeout> Sets the no progress timeout in seconds
/GETMAXDOWNLOADTIME <job>             Retrieves the download timeout in seconds
/SETMAXDOWNLOADTIME <job> <timeout>   Sets the download timeout in seconds
/GETERRORCOUNT <job>                  Retrieves an error count for the job

/SETPROXYSETTINGS <job> <usage>      Sets the proxy usage
   usage choices:
    PRECONFIG   - Use the owner's default Internet settings.
    AUTODETECT  - Force autodetection of proxy.
    NO_PROXY    - Do not use a proxy server.
    OVERRIDE    - Use an explicit proxy list and bypass list. 
                  Must be followed by a proxy list and a proxy bypass list.
                  NULL or "" may be used for an empty proxy bypass list.
  Examples:
      bitsadmin /setproxysettings MyJob PRECONFIG
      bitsadmin /setproxysettings MyJob AUTODETECT
      bitsadmin /setproxysettings MyJob NO_PROXY
      bitsadmin /setproxysettings MyJob OVERRIDE proxy1:80 "<local>" 
      bitsadmin /setproxysettings MyJob OVERRIDE proxy1,proxy2,proxy3 NULL 

/GETPROXYUSAGE <job>                 Retrieves the proxy usage setting
/GETPROXYLIST <job>                  Retrieves the proxy list
/GETPROXYBYPASSLIST <job>            Retrieves the proxy bypass list

/TAKEOWNERSHIP <job>                 Take ownership of the job

/SETNOTIFYCMDLINE <job> <program_name> [program_parameters] 
    Sets a program to execute for notification, and optionally parameters.
    The program name and parameters can be NULL.
    IMPORTANT: if parameters are non-NULL, then the program name should be the
               first parameter.

  Examples:
    bitsadmin /SetNotifyCmdLine MyJob c:\winnt\system32\notepad.exe  NULL
    bitsadmin /SetNotifyCmdLine MyJob c:\callback.exe "c:\callback.exe parm1 parm2" 
    bitsadmin /SetNotifyCmdLine MyJob NULL NULL

/GETNOTIFYCMDLINE <job>              Returns the job's notification command line

/SETCREDENTIALS <job> <target> <scheme> <username> <password>
  Adds credentials to a job.
  <target> may be either SERVER or PROXY
  <scheme> may be BASIC, DIGEST, NTLM, NEGOTIATE, or PASSPORT. 

/REMOVECREDENTIALS <job> <target> <scheme> 
  Removes credentials from a job.
/GETCUSTOMHEADERS <job>                           Gets the Custom HTTP Headers
/SETCUSTOMHEADERS <job> <header1> <header2> <...> Sets the Custom HTTP Headers
/GETCLIENTCERTIFICATE <job>                       Gets the job's Client Certificate Information
/SETCLIENTCERTIFICATEBYID <job> <store_location> <store_name> <hexa-decimal_cert_id>
  Sets a client authentication certificate to a job.
  <store_location> may be 
	1(CURRENT_USER), 2(LOCAL_MACHINE), 3(CURRENT_SERVICE),
	4(SERVICES), 5(USERS), 6(CURRENT_USER_GROUP_POLICY),
	7(LOCAL_MACHINE_GROUP_POLICY) or 8(LOCAL_MACHINE_ENTERPRISE). 

/SETCLIENTCERTIFICATEBYNAME <job> <store_location> <store_name> <subject_name>
  Sets a client authentication certificate to a job.
  <store_location> may be 
	1(CURRENT_USER), 2(LOCAL_MACHINE), 3(CURRENT_SERVICE),
	4(SERVICES), 5(USERS), 6(CURRENT_USER_GROUP_POLICY),
	7(LOCAL_MACHINE_GROUP_POLICY) or 8(LOCAL_MACHINE_ENTERPRISE). 

/REMOVECLIENTCERTIFICATE <job>                Removes the Client Certificate Information from the job

/SETSECURITYFLAGS <job> <value>   
   Sets the HTTP security flags for URL redirection and checks performed on the server certificate during the transfer.
   The value is an unsigned integer with the following interpretation for the bits in the binary representation.
     Enable CRL Check                                 : Set the least significant bit
     Ignore invalid common name in server certificate : Set the 2nd bit from right
     Ignore invalid date in  server certificate       : Set the 3rd bit from right
     Ignore invalid certificate authority in server
       certificate                                    : Set the 4th bit from right
     Ignore invalid usage of certificate              : Set the 5th bit from right
     Redirection policy                               : Controlled by the 9th-11th bits from right
         0,0,0  - Redirects will be automatically allowed.
         0,0,1  - Remote name in the IBackgroundCopyFile interface will be updated if a redirect occurs.
         0,1,0  - BITS will fail the job if a redirect occurs.

     Allow redirection from HTTPS to HTTP             : Set the 12th bit from right

/GETSECURITYFLAGS <job>   
   Reports the HTTP security flags for URL redirection and checks performed on the server certificate during the transfer.

/SETVALIDATIONSTATE  <job>  <file-index> <true|false>
      <file-index> starts from 0          
    Sets the content-validation state of the given file within the job.

/GETVALIDATIONSTATE  <job>  <file-index>  
      <file-index> starts from 0          
    Reports the content-validation state of the given file within the job.

/GETTEMPORARYNAME  <job>  <file-index>  
      <file-index> starts from 0          
    Reports the temporary filename of the given file within the job.

The following options control peercaching of a particular job:

/SETPEERCACHINGFLAGS  <job> <value>   
    Sets the flags for the job's peercaching behavior.
    The value is an unsigned integer with the following interpretation for the bits in the binary representation.
        Allow the job's data to be downloaded from a peer : Set the least significant bit
        Allow the job's data to be served to peers        : Set the 2nd bit from right

/GETPEERCACHINGFLAGS  <job>               
    Reports the flags for the job's peercaching behavior.

The following options are valid for UPLOAD-REPLY jobs only:

/GETREPLYFILENAME <job>        Gets the path of the file containing the server reply
/SETREPLYFILENAME <job> <path> Sets the path of the file containing the server reply
/GETREPLYPROGRESS <job>        Gets the size and progress of the server reply
/GETREPLYDATA     <job>        Dumps the server's reply data in hex format

The following options can be placed before the command:
/RAWRETURN                     Return data more suitable for parsing
/WRAP                          Wrap output around console (default)
/NOWRAP                        Don't wrap output around console

The /RAWRETURN option strips new line characters and formatting.
It is recognized by the /CREATE and /GET* commands.

Commands that take a <job> parameter will accept either a job name or a job ID
GUID inside braces.  BITSADMIN reports an error if a name is ambiguous.

BOOTCFG /parameter [arguments]

Description:
    This command line tool can be used to configure, query, change or 
    delete the boot entry settings in the BOOT.INI file.

Parameter List:
    /Copy       Makes a copy of an existing boot entry.

    /Delete     Deletes an existing boot entry from the BOOT.INI file.

    /Query      Displays the current boot entries and their settings.

    /Raw        Allows the user to specify any switch to be added.

    /Timeout    Allows the user to change the Timeout value.

    /Default    Allows the user to change the Default boot entry.

    /EMS        Allows the user to configure the /redirect switch
                for headless support.

    /Debug      Allows the user to specify the port and baudrate for 
                remote debugging.

    /Addsw      Allows the user to add predefined switches.

    /Rmsw       Allows the user to remove predefined switches.

    /Dbg1394    Allows the user to configure 1394 port for debugging.

    /?          Displays this help message.

Examples:
    BOOTCFG /Copy /?
    BOOTCFG /Delete /?
    BOOTCFG /Query /?
    BOOTCFG /Raw /?
    BOOTCFG /Timeout /?
    BOOTCFG /EMS /?
    BOOTCFG /Debug /?
    BOOTCFG /Addsw /?
    BOOTCFG /Rmsw /?
    BOOTCFG /Dbg1394 /?
    BOOTCFG /Default /?
    BOOTCFG /?

WARNING: BOOT.INI is used for boot options on Windows XP and earlier
         operating systems.  Use the BCDEDIT command line tool to modify
         Windows Vista boot options.

BREAK

Sets or Clears Extended CTRL+C checking on DOS system

This is present for Compatibility with DOS systems. It has no effect
under Windows.

If Command Extensions are enabled, and running on the Windows
platform, then the BREAK command will enter a hard coded breakpoint
if being debugged by a debugger.

CACLS

 NOTE: Cacls is now deprecated, please use Icacls.

 Displays or modifies access control lists (ACLs) of files

 CACLS filename [/T] [/M] [/L] [/S[:SDDL]] [/E] [/C] [/G user:perm]
        [/R user [...]] [/P user:perm [...]] [/D user [...]]
    filename      Displays ACLs.
    /T            Changes ACLs of specified files in
                  the current directory and all subdirectories.
    /L            Work on the Symbolic Link itself versus the target
    /M            Changes ACLs of volumes mounted to a directory
    /S            Displays the SDDL string for the DACL.
    /S:SDDL       Replaces the ACLs with those specified in the SDDL string
                  (not valid with /E, /G, /R, /P, or /D).
    /E            Edit ACL instead of replacing it.
    /C            Continue on access denied errors.
    /G user:perm  Grant specified user access rights.
                  Perm can be: R  Read
                               W  Write
                               C  Change (write)
                               F  Full control
    /R user       Revoke specified user's access rights (only valid with /E).
    /P user:perm  Replace specified user's access rights.
                  Perm can be: N  None
                               R  Read
                               W  Write
                               C  Change (write)
                               F  Full control
    /D user       Deny specified user access.
 Wildcards can be used to specify more than one file in a command.
 You can specify more than one user in a command.

 Abbreviations:
    CI - Container Inherit.
         The ACE will be inherited by directories.
    OI - Object Inherit.
         The ACE will be inherited by files.
    IO - Inherit Only.
         The ACE does not apply to the current file/directory.
    ID - Inherited.
         The ACE was inherited from the parent directory's ACL.

CALL

Calls one batch program from another.

CALL [drive:][path]filename [batch-parameters]

  batch-parameters   Specifies any command-line information required by the
                     batch program.

If Command Extensions are enabled CALL changes as follows:

CALL command now accepts labels as the target of the CALL.  The syntax
is:

    CALL :label arguments

A new batch file context is created with the specified arguments and
control is passed to the statement after the label specified.  You must
"exit" twice by reaching the end of the batch script file twice.  The
first time you read the end, control will return to just after the CALL
statement.  The second time will exit the batch script.  Type GOTO /?
for a description of the GOTO :EOF extension that will allow you to
"return" from a batch script.

In addition, expansion of batch script argument references (%0, %1,
etc.) have been changed as follows:


    %* in a batch script refers to all the arguments (e.g. %1 %2 %3
        %4 %5 ...)

    Substitution of batch parameters (%n) has been enhanced.  You can
    now use the following optional syntax:

        %~1         - expands %1 removing any surrounding quotes (")
        %~f1        - expands %1 to a fully qualified path name
        %~d1        - expands %1 to a drive letter only
        %~p1        - expands %1 to a path only
        %~n1        - expands %1 to a file name only
        %~x1        - expands %1 to a file extension only
        %~s1        - expanded path contains short names only
        %~a1        - expands %1 to file attributes
        %~t1        - expands %1 to date/time of file
        %~z1        - expands %1 to size of file
        %~$PATH:1   - searches the directories listed in the PATH
                       environment variable and expands %1 to the fully
                       qualified name of the first one found.  If the
                       environment variable name is not defined or the
                       file is not found by the search, then this
                       modifier expands to the empty string

    The modifiers can be combined to get compound results:

        %~dp1       - expands %1 to a drive letter and path only
        %~nx1       - expands %1 to a file name and extension only
        %~dp$PATH:1 - searches the directories listed in the PATH
                       environment variable for %1 and expands to the
                       drive letter and path of the first one found.
        %~ftza1     - expands %1 to a DIR like output line

    In the above examples %1 and PATH can be replaced by other
    valid values.  The %~ syntax is terminated by a valid argument
    number.  The %~ modifiers may not be used with %*

CD

Displays the name of or changes the current directory.

CHDIR [/D] [drive:][path]
CHDIR [..]
CD [/D] [drive:][path]
CD [..]

  ..   Specifies that you want to change to the parent directory.

Type CD drive: to display the current directory in the specified drive.
Type CD without parameters to display the current drive and directory.

Use the /D switch to change current drive in addition to changing current
directory for a drive.

If Command Extensions are enabled CHDIR changes as follows:

The current directory string is converted to use the same case as
the on disk names.  So CD C:\TEMP would actually set the current
directory to C:\Temp if that is the case on disk.

CHDIR command does not treat spaces as delimiters, so it is possible to
CD into a subdirectory name that contains a space without surrounding
the name with quotes.  For example:

    cd \winnt\profiles\username\programs\start menu

is the same as:

    cd "\winnt\profiles\username\programs\start menu"

which is what you would have to type if extensions were disabled.

Usage:
  CertReq -?
  CertReq [-v] -?
  CertReq [-Command] -?

  CertReq [-Submit] [Options] [RequestFileIn [CertFileOut [CertChainFileOut [FullResponseFileOut]]]]
    Submit a request to a Certification Authority.

  Options:
    -attrib AttributeString
    -binary
    -PolicyServer PolicyServer
    -config ConfigString
    -Anonymous
    -Kerberos
    -ClientCertificate ClientCertId
    -UserName UserName
    -p Password
    -crl
    -rpc
    -AdminForceMachine
    -RenewOnBehalfOf

  CertReq -Retrieve [Options] RequestId [CertFileOut [CertChainFileOut [FullResponseFileOut]]]
    Retrieve a response to a previous request from a Certification Authority.

  Options:
    -binary
    -PolicyServer PolicyServer
    -config ConfigString
    -Anonymous
    -Kerberos
    -ClientCertificate ClientCertId
    -UserName UserName
    -p Password
    -crl
    -rpc
    -AdminForceMachine

  CertReq -New [Options] [PolicyFileIn [RequestFileOut]]
    Create a new request as directed by PolicyFileIn

  Options:
    -attrib AttributeString
    -binary
    -cert CertId
    -PolicyServer PolicyServer
    -config ConfigString
    -Anonymous
    -Kerberos
    -ClientCertificate ClientCertId
    -UserName UserName
    -p Password
    -pin Pin
    -user
    -machine
    -xchg ExchangeCertFile

  CertReq -Accept [Options] [CertChainFileIn | FullResponseFileIn | CertFileIn]
    Accept and install a response to a previous new request.

  Options:
    -user 
    -machine 
    -pin Pin

  CertReq -Policy [Options] [RequestFileIn [PolicyFileIn [RequestFileOut [PKCS10FileOut]]]]
    Construct a cross certification or qualified subordination request
    from an existing CA certificate or from an existing request.

  Options:
    -attrib AttributeString
    -binary
    -cert CertId
    -PolicyServer PolicyServer
    -Anonymous
    -Kerberos
    -ClientCertificate ClientCertId
    -UserName UserName
    -p Password
    -pin Pin
    -noEKU
    -AlternateSignatureAlgorithm
    -HashAlgorithm HashAlgorithm

  CertReq -Sign [Options] [RequestFileIn [RequestFileOut]]
    Sign a certificate request with an enrollment agent or qualified
    subordination signing certificate.

  Options:
    -binary
    -cert CertId
    -PolicyServer PolicyServer
    -Anonymous
    -Kerberos
    -ClientCertificate ClientCertId
    -UserName UserName
    -p Password
    -pin Pin
    -crl
    -noEKU
    -HashAlgorithm HashAlgorithm

  CertReq -Enroll [Options] TemplateName
  CertReq -Enroll -cert CertId [Options] Renew [ReuseKeys]
    Enroll for or renew a certificate.

  Options:
    -PolicyServer PolicyServer
    -user 
    -machine 
    -pin Pin

Verbs:
  -dump             -- Dump configuration information or files
  -asn              -- Parse ASN.1 file

  -decodehex        -- Decode hexadecimal-encoded file
  -decode           -- Decode Base64-encoded file
  -encode           -- Encode file to Base64

  -deny             -- Deny pending request
  -resubmit         -- Resubmit pending request
  -setattributes    -- Set attributes for pending request
  -setextension     -- Set extension for pending request
  -revoke           -- Revoke Certificate
  -isvalid          -- Display current certificate disposition

  -getconfig        -- Get default configuration string
  -ping             -- Ping Active Directory Certificate Services Request interface
  -pingadmin        -- Ping Active Directory Certificate Services Admin interface
  -CAInfo           -- Display CA Information
  -ca.cert          -- Retrieve the CA's certificate
  -ca.chain         -- Retrieve the CA's certificate chain
  -GetCRL           -- Get CRL
  -CRL              -- Publish new CRLs [or delta CRLs only]
  -shutdown         -- Shutdown Active Directory Certificate Services

  -installCert      -- Install Certification Authority certificate
  -renewCert        -- Renew Certification Authority certificate

  -schema           -- Dump Certificate Schema
  -view             -- Dump Certificate View
  -db               -- Dump Raw Database
  -deleterow        -- Delete server database row

  -backup           -- Backup Active Directory Certificate Services
  -backupDB         -- Backup Active Directory Certificate Services database
  -backupKey        -- Backup Active Directory Certificate Services certificate and private key
  -restore          -- Restore Active Directory Certificate Services
  -restoreDB        -- Restore Active Directory Certificate Services database
  -restoreKey       -- Restore Active Directory Certificate Services certificate and private key
  -importPFX        -- Import certificate and private key
  -dynamicfilelist  -- Display dynamic file List
  -databaselocations -- Display database locations
  -hashfile         -- Generate and display cryptographic hash over a file

  -store            -- Dump certificate store
  -addstore         -- Add certificate to store
  -delstore         -- Delete certificate from store
  -verifystore      -- Verify certificate in store
  -repairstore      -- Repair key association or update certificate properties or key security descriptor
  -viewstore        -- Dump certificate store
  -viewdelstore     -- Delete certificate from store

  -dsPublish        -- Publish certificate or CRL to Active Directory

  -ADTemplate       -- Display AD templates
  -Template         -- Display Enrollment Policy templates
  -TemplateCAs      -- Display CAs for template
  -CATemplates      -- Display templates for CA
  -SetCASites       -- Manage Site Names for CAs
  -enrollmentServerURL -- Display, add or delete enrollment server URLs associated with a CA
  -ADCA             -- Display AD CAs
  -CA               -- Display Enrollment Policy CAs
  -Policy           -- Display Enrollment Policy
  -PolicyCache      -- Display or delete Enrollment Policy Cache entries
  -CredStore        -- Display, add or delete Credential Store entries
  -InstallDefaultTemplates -- Install default certificate templates
  -URLCache         -- Display or delete URL cache entries
  -pulse            -- Pulse autoenrollment events
  -MachineInfo      -- Display Active Directory machine object information
  -DCInfo           -- Display domain controller information
  -EntInfo          -- Display enterprise information
  -TCAInfo          -- Display CA information
  -SCInfo           -- Display smart card information

  -SCRoots          -- Manage smart card root certificates

  -verifykeys       -- Verify public/private key set
  -verify           -- Verify certificate, CRL or chain
  -verifyCTL        -- Verify AuthRoot or Disallowed Certificates CTL
  -sign             -- Re-sign CRL or certificate

  -vroot            -- Create/delete web virtual roots and file shares
  -vocsproot        -- Create/delete web virtual roots for OCSP web proxy
  -addEnrollmentServer -- Add an Enrollment Server application
  -deleteEnrollmentServer -- Delete an Enrollment Server application
  -addPolicyServer  -- Add a Policy Server application
  -deletePolicyServer -- Delete a Policy Server application
  -oid              -- Display ObjectId or set display name
  -error            -- Display error code message text
  -getreg           -- Display registry value
  -setreg           -- Set registry value
  -delreg           -- Delete registry value

  -ImportKMS        -- Import user keys and certificates into server database for key archival
  -ImportCert       -- Import a certificate file into the database
  -GetKey           -- Retrieve archived private key recovery blob, generate a recovery script,
      or recover archived keys
  -RecoverKey       -- Recover archived private key
  -MergePFX         -- Merge PFX files
  -ConvertEPF       -- Convert PFX files to EPF file
  -?                -- Display this usage message


CertUtil -?              -- Display a verb list (command list)
CertUtil -dump -?        -- Display help text for the "dump" verb
CertUtil -v -?           -- Display all help text for all verbs

CertUtil: -? command completed successfully.

CHANGE { LOGON | PORT | USER }

CHCP

Displays or sets the active code page number.

CHCP [nnn]

  nnn   Specifies a code page number.

Type CHCP without a parameter to display the active code page number.

CHDIR

Displays the name of or changes the current directory.

CHDIR [/D] [drive:][path]
CHDIR [..]
CD [/D] [drive:][path]
CD [..]

  ..   Specifies that you want to change to the parent directory.

Type CD drive: to display the current directory in the specified drive.
Type CD without parameters to display the current drive and directory.

Use the /D switch to change current drive in addition to changing current
directory for a drive.

If Command Extensions are enabled CHDIR changes as follows:

The current directory string is converted to use the same case as
the on disk names.  So CD C:\TEMP would actually set the current
directory to C:\Temp if that is the case on disk.

CHDIR command does not treat spaces as delimiters, so it is possible to
CD into a subdirectory name that contains a space without surrounding
the name with quotes.  For example:

    cd \winnt\profiles\username\programs\start menu

is the same as:

    cd "\winnt\profiles\username\programs\start menu"

which is what you would have to type if extensions were disabled.

Enable, disable, or drain session logins.

CHANGE LOGON {/QUERY | /ENABLE | /DISABLE | /DRAIN | /DRAINUNTILRESTART}

  /QUERY    Query current session login mode.
  /ENABLE   Enable user login from sessions.
  /DISABLE  Disable user login from sessions.
  /DRAIN    Disable new user logons, but allow reconnections to existing sessions.
  /DRAINUNTILRESTART    Disable new user logons until the server is restarted, but allow reconnections to existing sessions.

List or change COM port mappings for DOS application compatibility.

CHANGE PORT [portx=porty | /D portx | /QUERY]

  portx=porty  Map port x to port y.
  /D portx    Delete mapping for port x.
  /QUERY      Display current mapping ports.

Change Install Mode.

CHANGE USER {/EXECUTE | /INSTALL | /QUERY}

  /EXECUTE  Enable execute mode (default).
  /INSTALL  Enable install mode.
  /QUERY    Display current settings.

CHKDSK

Checks a disk and displays a status report.


CHKDSK [volume[[path]filename]]] [/F] [/V] [/R] [/X] [/I] [/C] [/L[:size]] [/B] [/scan] [/spotfix]


  volume              Specifies the drive letter (followed by a colon),
                      mount point, or volume name.
  filename            FAT/FAT32 only: Specifies the files to check for 
                      fragmentation.
  /F                  Fixes errors on the disk.
  /V                  On FAT/FAT32: Displays the full path and name of every 
                      file on the disk.
                      On NTFS: Displays cleanup messages if any.
  /R                  Locates bad sectors and recovers readable information
                      (implies /F, when /scan not specified).
  /L:size             NTFS only:  Changes the log file size to the specified 
                      number of kilobytes.  If size is not specified, displays
                      current size.
  /X                  Forces the volume to dismount first if necessary.
                      All opened handles to the volume would then be invalid
                      (implies /F).
  /I                  NTFS only: Performs a less vigorous check of index 
                      entries.
  /C                  NTFS only: Skips checking of cycles within the folder
                      structure.
  /B                  NTFS only: Re-evaluates bad clusters on the volume
                      (implies /R)
  /scan               NTFS only: Runs a online scan on the volume
  /forceofflinefix    NTFS only: (Must be used with "/scan")
                      Bypass all online repair; all defects found
                      are queued for offline repair (i.e. "chkdsk /spotfix").
  /perf               NTFS only: (Must be used with "/scan")
                      Uses more system resources to complete a scan as fast as
                      possible. This may have a negative performance impact on
                      other tasks running on the system.
  /spotfix            NTFS only: Runs spot fixing on the volume
  /sdcleanup          NTFS only: Garbage collect unneeded security descriptor 
                      data (implies /F).
  /offlinescanandfix  Runs an offline scan and fix on the volume.    

The /I or /C switch reduces the amount of time required to run Chkdsk by
skipping certain checks of the volume.

CHKNTFS

Displays or modifies the checking of disk at boot time.

CHKNTFS volume [...]
CHKNTFS /D
CHKNTFS /T[:time]
CHKNTFS /X volume [...]
CHKNTFS /C volume [...]

  volume         Specifies the drive letter (followed by a colon),
                 mount point, or volume name.
  /D             Restores the machine to the default behavior; all drives are
                 checked at boot time and chkdsk is run on those that are
                 dirty.
  /T:time        Changes the AUTOCHK initiation countdown time to the
                 specified amount of time in seconds.  If time is not
                 specified, displays the current setting.
  /X             Excludes a drive from the default boot-time check.  Excluded
                 drives are not accumulated between command invocations.
  /C             Schedules a drive to be checked at boot time; chkdsk will run
                 if the drive is dirty.

If no switches are specified, CHKNTFS will display if the specified drive is
dirty or scheduled to be checked on next reboot.

CHOICE [/C choices] [/N] [/CS] [/T timeout /D choice] [/M text]

Description:
    This tool allows users to select one item from a list 
    of choices and returns the index of the selected choice.

Parameter List:
   /C    choices       Specifies the list of choices to be created.
                       Default list is "YN".

   /N                  Hides the list of choices in the prompt.
                       The message before the prompt is displayed
                       and the choices are still enabled.

   /CS                 Enables case-sensitive choices to be selected.
                       By default, the utility is case-insensitive.

   /T    timeout       The number of seconds to pause before a default 
                       choice is made. Acceptable values are from 0 to 
                       9999. If 0 is specified, there will be no pause 
                       and the default choice is selected.

   /D    choice        Specifies the default choice after nnnn seconds.
                       Character must be in the set of choices specified
                       by /C option and must also specify nnnn with /T.

   /M    text          Specifies the message to be displayed before 
                       the prompt. If not specified, the utility 
                       displays only a prompt.

   /?                  Displays this help message.

   NOTE:
   The ERRORLEVEL environment variable is set to the index of the
   key that was selected from the set of choices. The first choice
   listed returns a value of 1, the second a value of 2, and so on.
   If the user presses a key that is not a valid choice, the tool 
   sounds a warning beep. If tool detects an error condition,
   it returns an ERRORLEVEL value of 255. If the user presses 
   CTRL+BREAK or CTRL+C, the tool returns an ERRORLEVEL value
   of 0. When you use ERRORLEVEL parameters in a batch program, list
   them in decreasing order.

Examples:
   CHOICE /?
   CHOICE /C YNC /M "Press Y for Yes, N for No or C for Cancel."
   CHOICE /T 10 /C ync /CS /D y 
   CHOICE /C ab /M "Select a for option 1 and b for option 2."
   CHOICE /C ab /N /M "Select a for option 1 and b for option 2."

Displays or alters the encryption of directories [files] on NTFS partitions.

  CIPHER [/E | /D | /C] 
         [/S:directory] [/B] [/H] [pathname [...]]
  
  CIPHER /K [/ECC:256|384|521]
  
  CIPHER /R:filename [/SMARTCARD] [/ECC:256|384|521]
  
  CIPHER /U [/N]
  
  CIPHER /W:directory
  
  CIPHER /X[:efsfile] [filename]
  
  CIPHER /Y
 
  CIPHER /ADDUSER [/CERTHASH:hash | /CERTFILE:filename | /USER:username]
         [/S:directory] [/B] [/H] [pathname [...]]

  CIPHER /FLUSHCACHE [/SERVER:servername]
 
  CIPHER /REMOVEUSER /CERTHASH:hash
         [/S:directory] [/B] [/H] [pathname [...]]

  CIPHER /REKEY [pathname [...]]

    /B        Abort if an error is encountered. By default, CIPHER continues 
              executing even if errors are encountered.
    /C        Displays information on the encrypted file.
    /D        Decrypts the specified files or directories.
    /E        Encrypts the specified files or directories. Directories will be
              marked so that files added afterward will be encrypted. The
              encrypted file could become decrypted when it is modified if the
              parent directory is not encrypted. It is recommended that you
              encrypt the file and the parent directory.
    /H        Displays files with the hidden or system attributes. These files
              are omitted by default.
    /K        Creates a new certificate and key for use with EFS. If this
              option is chosen, all the other options will be ignored.

              Note: By default, /K creates a certificate and key that conform
                    to current group policy. If ECC is specified, a self-signed
                    certificate will be created with the supplied key size.

    /N        This option only works with /U. This will prevent keys being
              updated. This is used to find all the encrypted files on the
              local drives.
    /R        Generates an EFS recovery key and certificate, then writes them
              to a .PFX file (containing certificate and private key) and a
              .CER file (containing only the certificate). An administrator may
              add the contents of the .CER to the EFS recovery policy to create
              the recovery key for users, and import the .PFX to recover
              individual files. If SMARTCARD is specified, then writes the
              recovery key and certificate to a smart card. A .CER file is
              generated (containing only the certificate). No .PFX file is
              generated.

              Note: By default, /R creates an 2048-bit RSA recovery key and
                    certificate. If ECC is specified, it must be followed by a
                    key size of 256, 384, or 521.

    /S        Performs the specified operation on the given directory and all
              files and subdirectories within it.
    /U        Tries to touch all the encrypted files on local drives. This will
              update user's file encryption key or recovery keys to the current
              ones if they are changed. This option does not work with other
              options except /N.
    /W        Removes data from available unused disk space on the entire
              volume. If this option is chosen, all other options are ignored.
              The directory specified can be anywhere in a local volume. If it
              is a mount point or points to a directory in another volume, the
              data on that volume will be removed.
    /X        Backup EFS certificate and keys into file filename. If efsfile is
              provided, the current user's certificate(s) used to encrypt the
              file will be backed up. Otherwise, the user's current EFS
              certificate and keys will be backed up.
    /Y        Displays your current EFS certificate thumbnail on the local PC.
    /ADDUSER  Adds a user to the specified encrypted file(s). If CERTHASH is
              provided, cipher will search for a certificate with this SHA1
              hash. If CERTFILE is provided, cipher will extract the
              certificate from the file. If USER is provided, cipher will
              try to locate the user's certificate in Active Directory Domain
              Services.
    /FLUSHCACHE
              Clears the calling user's EFS key cache on the specified server.
              If servername is not provided, cipher clears the user's key cache
              on the local machine.
    /REKEY    Updates the specified encrypted file(s) to use the configured
              EFS current key.
    /REMOVEUSER
              Removes a user from the specified file(s). CERTHASH must be the
              SHA1 hash of the certificate to remove.

    directory A directory path.
    filename  A filename without extensions.
    pathname  Specifies a pattern, file or directory.
    efsfile   An encrypted file path.

    Used without parameters, CIPHER displays the encryption state of the
    current directory and any files it contains. You may use multiple directory
    names and wildcards. You must put spaces between multiple parameters.

CLIP

Description:
    Redirects output of command line tools to the Windows clipboard.
    This text output can then be pasted into other programs.

Parameter List:
    /?                  Displays this help message.

Examples:
    DIR | CLIP          Places a copy of the current directory
                        listing into the Windows clipboard.

    CLIP < README.TXT   Places a copy of the text from readme.txt
                        on to the Windows clipboard.

CLS

Clears the screen.

CLS

CMD

Starts a new instance of the Windows command interpreter

CMD [/A | /U] [/Q] [/D] [/E:ON | /E:OFF] [/F:ON | /F:OFF] [/V:ON | /V:OFF]
    [[/S] [/C | /K] string]

/C      Carries out the command specified by string and then terminates
/K      Carries out the command specified by string but remains
/S      Modifies the treatment of string after /C or /K (see below)
/Q      Turns echo off
/D      Disable execution of AutoRun commands from registry (see below)
/A      Causes the output of internal commands to a pipe or file to be ANSI
/U      Causes the output of internal commands to a pipe or file to be
        Unicode
/T:fg   Sets the foreground/background colors (see COLOR /? for more info)
/E:ON   Enable command extensions (see below)
/E:OFF  Disable command extensions (see below)
/F:ON   Enable file and directory name completion characters (see below)
/F:OFF  Disable file and directory name completion characters (see below)
/V:ON   Enable delayed environment variable expansion using ! as the
        delimiter. For example, /V:ON would allow !var! to expand the
        variable var at execution time.  The var syntax expands variables
        at input time, which is quite a different thing when inside of a FOR
        loop.
/V:OFF  Disable delayed environment expansion.

Note that multiple commands separated by the command separator '&&'
are accepted for string if surrounded by quotes.  Also, for compatibility
reasons, /X is the same as /E:ON, /Y is the same as /E:OFF and /R is the
same as /C.  Any other switches are ignored.

If /C or /K is specified, then the remainder of the command line after
the switch is processed as a command line, where the following logic is
used to process quote (") characters:

    1.  If all of the following conditions are met, then quote characters
        on the command line are preserved:

        - no /S switch
        - exactly two quote characters
        - no special characters between the two quote characters,
          where special is one of: &<>()@ˆ|
        - there are one or more whitespace characters between the
          two quote characters
        - the string between the two quote characters is the name
          of an executable file.

    2.  Otherwise, old behavior is to see if the first character is
        a quote character and if so, strip the leading character and
        remove the last quote character on the command line, preserving
        any text after the last quote character.

If /D was NOT specified on the command line, then when CMD.EXE starts, it
looks for the following REG_SZ/REG_EXPAND_SZ registry variables, and if
either or both are present, they are executed first.

    HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Command Processor\AutoRun

        and/or

    HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Command Processor\AutoRun

Command Extensions are enabled by default.  You may also disable
extensions for a particular invocation by using the /E:OFF switch.  You
can enable or disable extensions for all invocations of CMD.EXE on a
machine and/or user logon session by setting either or both of the
following REG_DWORD values in the registry using REGEDIT.EXE:

    HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Command Processor\EnableExtensions

        and/or

    HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Command Processor\EnableExtensions

to either 0x1 or 0x0.  The user specific setting takes precedence over
the machine setting.  The command line switches take precedence over the
registry settings.

In a batch file, the SETLOCAL ENABLEEXTENSIONS or DISABLEEXTENSIONS arguments
takes precedence over the /E:ON or /E:OFF switch. See SETLOCAL /? for details.

The command extensions involve changes and/or additions to the following
commands:

    DEL or ERASE
    COLOR
    CD or CHDIR
    MD or MKDIR
    PROMPT
    PUSHD
    POPD
    SET
    SETLOCAL
    ENDLOCAL
    IF
    FOR
    CALL
    SHIFT
    GOTO
    START (also includes changes to external command invocation)
    ASSOC
    FTYPE

To get specific details, type commandname /? to view the specifics.

Delayed environment variable expansion is NOT enabled by default.  You
can enable or disable delayed environment variable expansion for a
particular invocation of CMD.EXE with the /V:ON or /V:OFF switch.  You
can enable or disable delayed expansion for all invocations of CMD.EXE on a
machine and/or user logon session by setting either or both of the
following REG_DWORD values in the registry using REGEDIT.EXE:

    HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Command Processor\DelayedExpansion

        and/or

    HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Command Processor\DelayedExpansion

to either 0x1 or 0x0.  The user specific setting takes precedence over
the machine setting.  The command line switches take precedence over the
registry settings.

In a batch file the SETLOCAL ENABLEDELAYEDEXPANSION or DISABLEDELAYEDEXPANSION
arguments takes precedence over the /V:ON or /V:OFF switch. See SETLOCAL /?
for details.

If delayed environment variable expansion is enabled, then the exclamation
character can be used to substitute the value of an environment variable
at execution time.

You can enable or disable file name completion for a particular
invocation of CMD.EXE with the /F:ON or /F:OFF switch.  You can enable
or disable completion for all invocations of CMD.EXE on a machine and/or
user logon session by setting either or both of the following REG_DWORD
values in the registry using REGEDIT.EXE:

    HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Command Processor\CompletionChar
    HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Command Processor\PathCompletionChar

        and/or

    HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Command Processor\CompletionChar
    HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Command Processor\PathCompletionChar

with the hex value of a control character to use for a particular
function (e.g.  0x4 is Ctrl-D and 0x6 is Ctrl-F).  The user specific
settings take precedence over the machine settings.  The command line
switches take precedence over the registry settings.

If completion is enabled with the /F:ON switch, the two control
characters used are Ctrl-D for directory name completion and Ctrl-F for
file name completion.  To disable a particular completion character in
the registry, use the value for space (0x20) as it is not a valid
control character.

Completion is invoked when you type either of the two control
characters.  The completion function takes the path string to the left
of the cursor appends a wild card character to it if none is already
present and builds up a list of paths that match.  It then displays the
first matching path.  If no paths match, it just beeps and leaves the
display alone.  Thereafter, repeated pressing of the same control
character will cycle through the list of matching paths.  Pressing the
Shift key with the control character will move through the list
backwards.  If you edit the line in any way and press the control
character again, the saved list of matching paths is discarded and a new
one generated.  The same occurs if you switch between file and directory
name completion.  The only difference between the two control characters
is the file completion character matches both file and directory names,
while the directory completion character only matches directory names.
If file completion is used on any of the built in directory commands
(CD, MD or RD) then directory completion is assumed.

The completion code deals correctly with file names that contain spaces
or other special characters by placing quotes around the matching path.
Also, if you back up, then invoke completion from within a line, the
text to the right of the cursor at the point completion was invoked is
discarded.

The special characters that require quotes are:
     <space>
     &()[]{}ˆ=;!'+,`~

Creates, displays, and deletes stored user names and passwords.

The syntax of this command is:

CMDKEY [{/add | /generic}:targetname {/smartcard | /user:username {/pass{:password}}} | /delete{:targetname | /ras} | /list{:targetname}]

Examples:

  To list available credentials:
     cmdkey /list
     cmdkey /list:targetname

  To create domain credentials:
     cmdkey /add:targetname /user:username /pass:password
     cmdkey /add:targetname /user:username /pass
     cmdkey /add:targetname /user:username
     cmdkey /add:targetname /smartcard
     
  To create generic credentials:
     The /add switch may be replaced by /generic to create generic credentials

  To delete existing credentials:
     cmdkey /delete:targetname

  To delete RAS credentials:
     cmdkey /delete /ras
     

COLOR

Sets the default console foreground and background colors.

COLOR [attr]

  attr        Specifies color attribute of console output

Color attributes are specified by TWO hex digits -- the first
corresponds to the background; the second the foreground.  Each digit
can be any of the following values:

    0 = Black       8 = Gray
    1 = Blue        9 = Light Blue
    2 = Green       A = Light Green
    3 = Aqua        B = Light Aqua
    4 = Red         C = Light Red
    5 = Purple      D = Light Purple
    6 = Yellow      E = Light Yellow
    7 = White       F = Bright White

If no argument is given, this command restores the color to what it was
when CMD.EXE started.  This value either comes from the current console
window, the /T command line switch or from the DefaultColor registry
value.

The COLOR command sets ERRORLEVEL to 1 if an attempt is made to execute
the COLOR command with a foreground and background color that are the
same.

Example: "COLOR fc" produces light red on bright white

COMP

Compares the contents of two files or sets of files.

COMP [data1] [data2] [/D] [/A] [/L] [/N=number] [/C] [/OFF[LINE]]

  data1      Specifies location and name(s) of first file(s) to compare.
  data2      Specifies location and name(s) of second files to compare.
  /D         Displays differences in decimal format.
  /A         Displays differences in ASCII characters.
  /L         Displays line numbers for differences.
  /N=number  Compares only the first specified number of lines in each file.
  /C         Disregards case of ASCII letters when comparing files.
  /OFF[LINE] Do not skip files with offline attribute set.

To compare sets of files, use wildcards in data1 and data2 parameters.

COMPACT

Displays or alters the compression of files on NTFS partitions.

COMPACT [/C | /U] [/S[:dir]] [/A] [/I] [/F] [/Q] [filename [...]]

  /C        Compresses the specified files.  Directories will be marked
            so that files added afterward will be compressed.
  /U        Uncompresses the specified files.  Directories will be marked
            so that files added afterward will not be compressed.
  /S        Performs the specified operation on files in the given
            directory and all subdirectories.  Default "dir" is the
            current directory.
  /A        Displays files with the hidden or system attributes.  These
            files are omitted by default.
  /I        Continues performing the specified operation even after errors
            have occurred.  By default, COMPACT stops when an error is
            encountered.
  /F        Forces the compress operation on all specified files, even
            those which are already compressed.  Already-compressed files
            are skipped by default.
  /Q        Reports only the most essential information.
  filename  Specifies a pattern, file, or directory.

  Used without parameters, COMPACT displays the compression state of
  the current directory and any files it contains. You may use multiple
  filenames and wildcards.  You must put spaces between multiple
  parameters.

CONVERT

Converts a FAT volume to NTFS.

CONVERT volume /FS:NTFS [/V] [/CvtArea:filename] [/NoSecurity] [/X]


  volume      Specifies the drive letter (followed by a colon),
              mount point, or volume name.
  /FS:NTFS    Specifies that the volume will be converted to NTFS.
  /V          Specifies that Convert will be run in verbose mode.
  /CvtArea:filename
              Specifies a contiguous file in the root directory
              that will be the place holder for NTFS system files.
  /NoSecurity Specifies that the security settings on the converted
              files and directories allow access by all users.
  /X          Forces the volume to dismount first if necessary.
              All open handles to the volume will not be valid.

COPY

Copies one or more files to another location.

COPY [/D] [/V] [/N] [/Y | /-Y] [/Z] [/L] [/A | /B ] source [/A | /B]
     [+ source [/A | /B] [+ ...]] [destination [/A | /B]]

  source       Specifies the file or files to be copied.
  /A           Indicates an ASCII text file.
  /B           Indicates a binary file.
  /D           Allow the destination file to be created decrypted
  destination  Specifies the directory and/or filename for the new file(s).
  /V           Verifies that new files are written correctly.
  /N           Uses short filename, if available, when copying a file with a
               non-8dot3 name.
  /Y           Suppresses prompting to confirm you want to overwrite an
               existing destination file.
  /-Y          Causes prompting to confirm you want to overwrite an
               existing destination file.
  /Z           Copies networked files in restartable mode.
  /L           If the source is a symbolic link, copy the link to the target
               instead of the actual file the source link points to.

The switch /Y may be preset in the COPYCMD environment variable.
This may be overridden with /-Y on the command line.  Default is
to prompt on overwrites unless COPY command is being executed from
within a batch script.

To append files, specify a single file for destination, but multiple files
for source (using wildcards or file1+file2+file3 format).

Microsoft (R) Windows Script Host Version 5.8
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

Usage: CScript scriptname.extension [option...] [arguments...]

Options:
 //B         Batch mode: Suppresses script errors and prompts from displaying
 //D         Enable Active Debugging
 //E:engine  Use engine for executing script
 //H:CScript Changes the default script host to CScript.exe
 //H:WScript Changes the default script host to WScript.exe (default)
 //I         Interactive mode (default, opposite of //B)
 //Job:xxxx  Execute a WSF job
 //Logo      Display logo (default)
 //Nologo    Prevent logo display: No banner will be shown at execution time
 //S         Save current command line options for this user
 //T:nn      Time out in seconds:  Maximum time a script is permitted to run
 //X         Execute script in debugger
 //U         Use Unicode for redirected I/O from the console

DATE

Displays or sets the date.

DATE [/T | date]

Type DATE without parameters to display the current date setting and
a prompt for a new one.  Press ENTER to keep the same date.

If Command Extensions are enabled the DATE command supports
the /T switch which tells the command to just output the
current date, without prompting for a new date.

Runs Debug, a program testing and editing tool.

DEBUG [[drive:][path]filename [testfile-parameters]]

  [drive:][path]filename  Specifies the file you want to test.
  testfile-parameters     Specifies command-line information required by
                          the file you want to test.

After Debug starts, type ? to display a list of debugging commands.

Microsoft Drive Optimizer
Copyright (c) 2012 Microsoft Corp.

Description:

	Optimizes and defragments files on local volumes to
	improve system performance.

Syntax:

	defrag <volumes> | /C | /E <volumes> [<task(s)>] [/H] [/M | [/U] [/V]]

	Where <task(s)> is omitted (traditional defrag), or as follows:
		/A | [/D] [/K] [/L] | /O | /X

	Or, to track an operation already in progress on a volume:
	defrag <volume> /T

Parameters:

	Value	Description

	/A	Perform analysis on the specified volumes.

	/C	Perform the operation on all volumes.

	/D	Perform traditional defrag (this is the default).

	/E	Perform the operation on all volumes except those specified.

	/H	Run the operation at normal priority (default is low).

	/K	Perform slab consolidation on the specified volumes.

	/L	Perform retrim on the specified volumes.

	/M	Run the operation on each volume in parallel in the background.

	/O	Perform the proper optimization for each media type.

	/T	Track an operation already in progress on the specified volume.

	/U	Print the progress of the operation on the screen.

	/V	Print verbose output containing the fragmentation statistics.

	/X	Perform free space consolidation on the specified volumes.

Examples:

	defrag C: /U /V
	defrag C: D: /M
	defrag C:\mountpoint /A /U
	defrag /C /H /V

DEL

Deletes one or more files.

DEL [/P] [/F] [/S] [/Q] [/A[[:]attributes]] names
ERASE [/P] [/F] [/S] [/Q] [/A[[:]attributes]] names

  names         Specifies a list of one or more files or directories.
                Wildcards may be used to delete multiple files. If a
                directory is specified, all files within the directory
                will be deleted.

  /P            Prompts for confirmation before deleting each file.
  /F            Force deleting of read-only files.
  /S            Delete specified files from all subdirectories.
  /Q            Quiet mode, do not ask if ok to delete on global wildcard
  /A            Selects files to delete based on attributes
  attributes    R  Read-only files            S  System files
                H  Hidden files               A  Files ready for archiving
                I  Not content indexed Files  L  Reparse Points
                -  Prefix meaning not

If Command Extensions are enabled DEL and ERASE change as follows:

The display semantics of the /S switch are reversed in that it shows
you only the files that are deleted, not the ones it could not find.

DIR

Displays a list of files and subdirectories in a directory.

DIR [drive:][path][filename] [/A[[:]attributes]] [/B] [/C] [/D] [/L] [/N]
  [/O[[:]sortorder]] [/P] [/Q] [/R] [/S] [/T[[:]timefield]] [/W] [/X] [/4]

  [drive:][path][filename]
              Specifies drive, directory, and/or files to list.

  /A          Displays files with specified attributes.
  attributes   D  Directories                R  Read-only files
               H  Hidden files               A  Files ready for archiving
               S  System files               I  Not content indexed files
               L  Reparse Points             -  Prefix meaning not
  /B          Uses bare format (no heading information or summary).
  /C          Display the thousand separator in file sizes.  This is the
              default.  Use /-C to disable display of separator.
  /D          Same as wide but files are list sorted by column.
  /L          Uses lowercase.
  /N          New long list format where filenames are on the far right.
  /O          List by files in sorted order.
  sortorder    N  By name (alphabetic)       S  By size (smallest first)
               E  By extension (alphabetic)  D  By date/time (oldest first)
               G  Group directories first    -  Prefix to reverse order
  /P          Pauses after each screenful of information.
  /Q          Display the owner of the file.
  /R          Display alternate data streams of the file.
  /S          Displays files in specified directory and all subdirectories.
  /T          Controls which time field displayed or used for sorting
  timefield   C  Creation
              A  Last Access
              W  Last Written
  /W          Uses wide list format.
  /X          This displays the short names generated for non-8dot3 file
              names.  The format is that of /N with the short name inserted
              before the long name. If no short name is present, blanks are
              displayed in its place.
  /4          Displays four-digit years

Switches may be preset in the DIRCMD environment variable.  Override
preset switches by prefixing any switch with - (hyphen)--for example, /-W.

DISKCOMP

Compares the contents of two floppy disks.

DISKCOMP [drive1: [drive2:]]

DISKCOPY

Copies the contents of one floppy disk to another.

DISKCOPY [drive1: [drive2:]] [/V]

  /V   Verifies that the information is copied correctly.

The two floppy disks must be the same type.
You may specify the same drive for drive1 and drive2.

DISKPART

Microsoft DiskPart version 6.2.9200

Copyright (C) 1999-2012 Microsoft Corporation.
On computer: LTROB2

Microsoft DiskPart syntax:
	diskpart [/s <script>] [/?]

	/s <script> - Use a DiskPart script.
	/?          - Show this help screen.

DISKPERF [-Y[D|V] | -N[D|V]] [\\computername]

  -Y  Sets the system to start all disk performance counters
      when the system is restarted.

  -YD Enables the disk performance counters for physical drives.
      when the system is restarted.
  -YV Enables the disk performance counters for logical drives
      or storage volumes when the system is restarted.
  -N  Sets the system to disable all disk performance counters
      when the system is restarted.

  -ND Disables the disk performance counters for physical drives.
  -NV Disables the disk performance counters for logical drives.
  \\computername        Is the name of the computer you want to
                        see or set disk performance counter use.
                        The computer must be a Windows 2000 system.
  NOTE: Disk performance counters are permanently enabled on
        systems beyond Windows 2000.

Microsoft DiskRAID version 6.2.9200

Copyright (C) 2003-2012 Microsoft Corporation.
On computer: LTROB2

Usage:  DISKRAID [/? | [/s <script>] [/v]]

    Launches the DiskRAID application.

    /?          specifies that DiskRAID should display this usage text.

    /s <script> specifies that DiskRAID should execute commands from the script
                file at the location specified.

    /v          specifies that DiskRAID should run in verbose mode, printing
                out additional information about each command being executed.

Examples:

    DISKRAID
    DISKRAID /v

Deployment Image Servicing and Management tool
Version: 6.2.9200.16384


DISM.exe [dism_options] {Imaging_command} [<Imaging_arguments>]
DISM.exe {/Image:<path_to_offline_image> | /Online} [dism_options] 
         {servicing_command} [<servicing_arguments>]

DESCRIPTION:

  DISM enumerates, installs, uninstalls, configures, and updates features
  and packages in Windows images. The commands that are available depend 
  on the image being serviced and whether the image is offline or running.

GENERIC IMAGING COMMANDS:

  /Get-MountedImageInfo   - Displays information about mounted WIM and VHD
                            images.
  /Get-ImageInfo          - Displays information about images in a WIM or VHD
                            file.
  /Commit-Image           - Saves changes to a mounted WIM or VHD image.
  /Unmount-Image          - Unmounts a mounted WIM or VHD image.
  /Mount-Image            - Mounts an image from a WIM or VHD file.
  /Remount-Image          - Recovers an orphaned image mount directory.
  /Cleanup-Mountpoints    - Deletes resources associated with corrupted
                            mounted images.
WIM COMMANDS:

  /List-Image             - Displays a list of the files and folders in a 
                            specified image.
  /Delete-Image           - Deletes the specified volume image from a WIM file
                            that has multiple volume images.
  /Split-Image            - Splits an existing .wim file into multiple read-only
                            split WIM (SWM) files.
  /Export-Image           - Exports a copy of the specified image to another
                            file.
  /Append-Image           - Adds another image to a WIM file.
  /Capture-Image          - Captures an image of a drive into a new WIM file.
                            Captured directories include all subfolders and data
  /Apply-Image            - Applies an image.
  /Get-MountedWimInfo     - Displays information about mounted WIM images.
  /Get-WimInfo            - Displays information about images in a WIM file.
  /Commit-Wim             - Saves changes to a mounted WIM image.
  /Unmount-Wim            - Unmounts a mounted WIM image.
  /Mount-Wim              - Mounts an image from a WIM file.
  /Remount-Wim            - Recovers an orphaned WIM mount directory.
  /Cleanup-Wim            - Deletes resources associated with mounted WIM 
                            images that are corrupted.

IMAGE SPECIFICATIONS:

  /Online                 - Targets the running operating system.
  /Image                  - Specifies the path to the root directory of an
                            offline Windows image.

DISM OPTIONS:

  /English                - Displays command line output in English.
  /Format                 - Specifies the report output format.
  /WinDir                 - Specifies the path to the Windows directory.
  /SysDriveDir            - Specifies the path to the system-loader file named
                            BootMgr.
  /LogPath                - Specifies the logfile path.
  /LogLevel               - Specifies the output level shown in the log (1-4).
  /NoRestart              - Suppresses automatic reboots and reboot prompts.
  /Quiet                  - Suppresses all output except for error messages.
  /ScratchDir             - Specifies the path to a scratch directory.

For more information about these DISM options and their arguments, specify an
option immediately before /?.

  Examples:     
    DISM.exe /Mount-Wim /?
    DISM.exe /ScratchDir /?
    DISM.exe /Image:C:\test\offline /?
    DISM.exe /Online /?

Logs display information to a file in the current directory.

Usage: dispdiag [-testacpi] [-d] [-delay <seconds>] [-brightnesslogging] [-out <FilePath>]
	-testacpi            runs hotkey diagnostics test
	-d                   generates a dmp file as well with additional data.
	-delay               delays the collection of data by specified time in seconds.
	-out <FilePath>      path where the dispdiag file should be saved, including filename. This must be the last parameter
	-brightnesslogging   toggle verbose brightness logging.
Output:
	Name of the saved file.

DOSKEY

Edits command lines, recalls Windows commands, and creates macros.

DOSKEY [/REINSTALL] [/LISTSIZE=size] [/MACROS[:ALL | :exename]]
  [/HISTORY] [/INSERT | /OVERSTRIKE] [/EXENAME=exename] [/MACROFILE=filename]
  [macroname=[text]]

  /REINSTALL          Installs a new copy of Doskey.
  /LISTSIZE=size      Sets size of command history buffer.
  /MACROS             Displays all Doskey macros.
  /MACROS:ALL         Displays all Doskey macros for all executables which have
                      Doskey macros.
  /MACROS:exename     Displays all Doskey macros for the given executable.
  /HISTORY            Displays all commands stored in memory.
  /INSERT             Specifies that new text you type is inserted in old text.
  /OVERSTRIKE         Specifies that new text overwrites old text.
  /EXENAME=exename    Specifies the executable.
  /MACROFILE=filename Specifies a file of macros to install.
  macroname           Specifies a name for a macro you create.
  text                Specifies commands you want to record.

UP and DOWN ARROWS recall commands; ESC clears command line; F7 displays
command history; ALT+F7 clears command history; F8 searches command
history; F9 selects a command by number; ALT+F10 clears macro definitions.

The following are some special codes in Doskey macro definitions:
$T     Command separator.  Allows multiple commands in a macro.
$1-$9  Batch parameters.  Equivalent to %1-%9 in batch programs.
$*     Symbol replaced by everything following macro name on command line.

Allows programs to open data files in specified directories as if they were
in the current directory.

APPEND [[drive:]path[;...]] [/X[:ON | :OFF]] [/PATH:ON | /PATH:OFF] [/E]
APPEND ;

  [drive:]path Specifies a drive and directory to append.
  /X:ON        Applies appended directories to file searches and
               application execution.
  /X:OFF       Applies appended directories only to requests to open files.
               /X:OFF is the default setting.
  /PATH:ON     Applies the appended directories to file requests that already
               specify a path.  /PATH:ON is the default setting.
  /PATH:OFF    Turns off the effect of /PATH:ON.
  /E           Stores a copy of the appended directory list in an environment
               variable named APPEND.  /E may be used only the first time
               you use APPEND after starting up your system.

Type APPEND ; to clear the appended directory list.
Type APPEND without parameters to display the appended directory list.

DRIVERQUERY

DRIVERQUERY [/S system [/U username [/P [password]]]]
              [/FO format] [/NH] [/SI] [/V] 
Description:
    Enables an administrator to display a list of 
    installed device drivers.

Parameter List:
      /S     system           Specifies the remote system to connect to.

      /U     [domain\]user    Specifies the user context 
                              under which the command should execute.

      /P     [password]       Specify the password for the given 
                              user context.

      /FO    format           Specifies the type of output to display.
                              Valid values to be passed with the
                              switch are "TABLE", "LIST", "CSV".

      /NH                     Specifies that the "Column Header" 
                              should not be displayed. Valid for  
                              "TABLE" and "CSV" format only.

      /SI                     Provides information about signed drivers.

      /V                      Displays verbose output. Not valid 
                              for signed drivers.

      /?                      Displays this help message.

Examples:
    DRIVERQUERY
    DRIVERQUERY /FO CSV /SI
    DRIVERQUERY /NH
    DRIVERQUERY /S ipaddress /U user /V 
    DRIVERQUERY /S system /U domain\user /P password /FO LIST

ECHO

Displays messages, or turns command-echoing on or off.

  ECHO [ON | OFF]
  ECHO [message]

Type ECHO without parameters to display the current echo setting.

 
MS-DOS Editor   Version 2.0.026   Copyright (c) Microsoft Corp 1995.
 
EDIT [/B] [/H] [/R] [/S] [/<nnn>] [/?] [file(s)]
 
  /B       - Forces monochrome mode.
  /H       - Displays the maximum number of lines possible for your hardware.
  /R       - Load file(s) in read-only mode.
  /S       - Forces the use of short filenames.
  /<nnn>   - Load binary file(s), wrapping lines to <nnn> characters wide.
  /?       - Displays this help screen.
  [file]   - Specifies initial files(s) to load.  Wildcards and multiple
             filespecs can be given.

Starts Edlin, a line-oriented text editor.

EDLIN [drive:][path]filename [/B]

  /B   Ignores end-of-file (CTRL+Z) characters.

ENDLOCAL

Ends localization of environment changes in a batch file.
Environment changes made after ENDLOCAL has been issued are
not local to the batch file; the previous settings are not
restored on termination of the batch file.

ENDLOCAL

If Command Extensions are enabled ENDLOCAL changes as follows:

If the corresponding SETLOCAL enable or disabled command extensions
using the new ENABLEEXTENSIONS or DISABLEEXTENSIONS options, then
after the ENDLOCAL, the enabled/disabled state of command extensions
will be restored to what it was prior to the matching SETLOCAL
command execution.

ERASE

Deletes one or more files.

DEL [/P] [/F] [/S] [/Q] [/A[[:]attributes]] names
ERASE [/P] [/F] [/S] [/Q] [/A[[:]attributes]] names

  names         Specifies a list of one or more files or directories.
                Wildcards may be used to delete multiple files. If a
                directory is specified, all files within the directory
                will be deleted.

  /P            Prompts for confirmation before deleting each file.
  /F            Force deleting of read-only files.
  /S            Delete specified files from all subdirectories.
  /Q            Quiet mode, do not ask if ok to delete on global wildcard
  /A            Selects files to delete based on attributes
  attributes    R  Read-only files            S  System files
                H  Hidden files               A  Files ready for archiving
                I  Not content indexed Files  L  Reparse Points
                -  Prefix meaning not

If Command Extensions are enabled DEL and ERASE change as follows:

The display semantics of the /S switch are reversed in that it shows
you only the files that are deleted, not the ones it could not find.

EVENTCREATE [/S system [/U username [/P [password]]]] /ID eventid
            [/L logname] [/SO srcname] /T type /D description

Description:
    This command line tool enables an administrator to create
    a custom event ID and message in a specified event log.

Parameter List:
    /S    system           Specifies the remote system to connect to.

    /U    [domain\]user    Specifies the user context under which
                           the command should execute.

    /P    [password]       Specifies the password for the given
                           user context. Prompts for input if omitted.

    /L    logname          Specifies the event log to create
                           an event in.

    /T    type             Specifies the type of event to create.
                           Valid types: SUCCESS, ERROR, WARNING, INFORMATION.

    /SO   source           Specifies the source to use for the
                           event (if not specified, source will default
                           to 'eventcreate'). A valid source can be any
                           string and should represent the application
                           or component that is generating the event.

    /ID   id               Specifies the event ID for the event. A
                           valid custom message ID is in the range
                           of 1 - 1000.

    /D    description      Specifies the description text for the new event.

    /?                     Displays this help message.


Examples:
    EVENTCREATE /T ERROR /ID 1000
        /L APPLICATION /D "My custom error event for the application log"

    EVENTCREATE /T ERROR /ID 999 /L APPLICATION
        /SO WinWord /D "Winword event 999 happened due to low diskspace"

    EVENTCREATE /S system /T ERROR /ID 100
        /L APPLICATION /D "Custom job failed to install"

    EVENTCREATE /S system /U user /P password /ID 1 /T ERROR
        /L APPLICATION /D "User access failed due to invalid user credentials"

Converts .EXE (executable) files to binary format.

EXE2BIN [drive1:][path1]input-file [[drive2:][path2]output-file]

  input-file   Specifies the .EXE file to be converted.
  output-file  Specifies the binary file to be created.

EXIT

Quits the CMD.EXE program (command interpreter) or the current batch
script.

EXIT [/B] [exitCode]

  /B          specifies to exit the current batch script instead of
              CMD.EXE.  If executed from outside a batch script, it
              will quit CMD.EXE

  exitCode    specifies a numeric number.  if /B is specified, sets
              ERRORLEVEL that number.  If quitting CMD.EXE, sets the process
              exit code with that number.

Microsoft (R) File Expansion Utility  Version 6.2.9200.16384
Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

Expands one or more compressed files.

EXPAND [-R] Source Destination
EXPAND -R Source [Destination]
EXPAND -I Source [Destination]
EXPAND -D Source.cab [-F:Files]
EXPAND Source.cab -F:Files Destination

  -R		Rename expanded files.
  -I		Rename expanded files but ignore directory structure.
  -D		Display list of files in source.
  Source	Source file specification.  Wildcards may be used.
  -F:Files	Name of files to expand from a .CAB.
  Destination	Destination file | path specification.
		Destination may be a directory.
		If Source is multiple files and -r is not specified,
		Destination must be a directory.

FC

Compares two files or sets of files and displays the differences between
them


FC [/A] [/C] [/L] [/LBn] [/N] [/OFF[LINE]] [/T] [/U] [/W] [/nnnn]
   [drive1:][path1]filename1 [drive2:][path2]filename2
FC /B [drive1:][path1]filename1 [drive2:][path2]filename2

  /A         Displays only first and last lines for each set of differences.
  /B         Performs a binary comparison.
  /C         Disregards the case of letters.
  /L         Compares files as ASCII text.
  /LBn       Sets the maximum consecutive mismatches to the specified
             number of lines.
  /N         Displays the line numbers on an ASCII comparison.
  /OFF[LINE] Do not skip files with offline attribute set.
  /T         Does not expand tabs to spaces.
  /U         Compare files as UNICODE text files.
  /W         Compresses white space (tabs and spaces) for comparison.
  /nnnn      Specifies the number of consecutive lines that must match
             after a mismatch.
  [drive1:][path1]filename1
             Specifies the first file or set of files to compare.
  [drive2:][path2]filename2
             Specifies the second file or set of files to compare.

FIND

Searches for a text string in a file or files.

FIND [/V] [/C] [/N] [/I] [/OFF[LINE]] "string" [[drive:][path]filename[ ...]]

  /V         Displays all lines NOT containing the specified string.
  /C         Displays only the count of lines containing the string.
  /N         Displays line numbers with the displayed lines.
  /I         Ignores the case of characters when searching for the string.
  /OFF[LINE] Do not skip files with offline attribute set.
  "string"   Specifies the text string to find.
  [drive:][path]filename
             Specifies a file or files to search.

If a path is not specified, FIND searches the text typed at the prompt
or piped from another command.

FINDSTR

Searches for strings in files.

FINDSTR [/B] [/E] [/L] [/R] [/S] [/I] [/X] [/V] [/N] [/M] [/O] [/P] [/F:file]
        [/C:string] [/G:file] [/D:dir list] [/A:color attributes] [/OFF[LINE]]
        strings [[drive:][path]filename[ ...]]

  /B         Matches pattern if at the beginning of a line.
  /E         Matches pattern if at the end of a line.
  /L         Uses search strings literally.
  /R         Uses search strings as regular expressions.
  /S         Searches for matching files in the current directory and all
             subdirectories.
  /I         Specifies that the search is not to be case-sensitive.
  /X         Prints lines that match exactly.
  /V         Prints only lines that do not contain a match.
  /N         Prints the line number before each line that matches.
  /M         Prints only the filename if a file contains a match.
  /O         Prints character offset before each matching line.
  /P         Skip files with non-printable characters.
  /OFF[LINE] Do not skip files with offline attribute set.
  /A:attr    Specifies color attribute with two hex digits. See "color /?"
  /F:file    Reads file list from the specified file(/ stands for console).
  /C:string  Uses specified string as a literal search string.
  /G:file    Gets search strings from the specified file(/ stands for console).
  /D:dir     Search a semicolon delimited list of directories
  strings    Text to be searched for.
  [drive:][path]filename
             Specifies a file or files to search.

Use spaces to separate multiple search strings unless the argument is prefixed
with /C.  For example, 'FINDSTR "hello there" x.y' searches for "hello" or
"there" in file x.y.  'FINDSTR /C:"hello there" x.y' searches for
"hello there" in file x.y.

Regular expression quick reference:
  .        Wildcard: any character
  *        Repeat: zero or more occurrences of previous character or class
  ˆ        Line position: beginning of line
  $        Line position: end of line
  [class]  Character class: any one character in set
  [ˆclass] Inverse class: any one character not in set
  [x-y]    Range: any characters within the specified range
  \x       Escape: literal use of metacharacter x
  \<xyz    Word position: beginning of word
  xyz\>    Word position: end of word

For full information on FINDSTR regular expressions refer to the online Command
Reference.

Displays information about a user on a specified system running the
Finger service. Output varies based on the remote system.

FINGER [-l] [user]@host [...]

  -l        Displays information in long list format.
  user      Specifies the user you want information about. Omit the user
            parameter to display information about all users on the
            specifed host.
  @host     Specifies the server on the remote system whose users you
            want information about.

** Invalid command
Valid commands:
    load        Loads a Filter driver
    unload      Unloads a Filter driver
    filters     Lists the Filters currently registered in the system
    instances   Lists the Instances for a Filter or Volume currently
                registered in the system
    volumes     Lists all volumes/RDRs in the system
    attach      Creates a Filter Instance to a Volume
    detach      Removes a Filter Instance from a Volume

    Use fltmc help [ command ] for help on a specific command

FOR

Runs a specified command for each file in a set of files.

FOR %variable IN (set) DO command [command-parameters]

  %variable  Specifies a single letter replaceable parameter.
  (set)      Specifies a set of one or more files.  Wildcards may be used.
  command    Specifies the command to carry out for each file.
  command-parameters
             Specifies parameters or switches for the specified command.

To use the FOR command in a batch program, specify %%variable instead
of %variable.  Variable names are case sensitive, so %i is different
from %I.

If Command Extensions are enabled, the following additional
forms of the FOR command are supported:

FOR /D %variable IN (set) DO command [command-parameters]

    If set contains wildcards, then specifies to match against directory
    names instead of file names.

FOR /R [[drive:]path] %variable IN (set) DO command [command-parameters]

    Walks the directory tree rooted at [drive:]path, executing the FOR
    statement in each directory of the tree.  If no directory
    specification is specified after /R then the current directory is
    assumed.  If set is just a single period (.) character then it
    will just enumerate the directory tree.

FOR /L %variable IN (start,step,end) DO command [command-parameters]

    The set is a sequence of numbers from start to end, by step amount.
    So (1,1,5) would generate the sequence 1 2 3 4 5 and (5,-1,1) would
    generate the sequence (5 4 3 2 1)

FOR /F ["options"] %variable IN (file-set) DO command [command-parameters]
FOR /F ["options"] %variable IN ("string") DO command [command-parameters]
FOR /F ["options"] %variable IN ('command') DO command [command-parameters]

    or, if usebackq option present:

FOR /F ["options"] %variable IN (file-set) DO command [command-parameters]
FOR /F ["options"] %variable IN ('string') DO command [command-parameters]
FOR /F ["options"] %variable IN (`command`) DO command [command-parameters]

    file-set is one or more file names.  Each file is opened, read
    and processed before going on to the next file in file-set.
    Processing consists of reading in the file, breaking it up into
    individual lines of text and then parsing each line into zero or
    more tokens.  The body of the for loop is then called with the
    variable value(s) set to the found token string(s).  By default, /F
    passes the first blank separated token from each line of each file.
    Blank lines are skipped.  You can override the default parsing
    behavior by specifying the optional "options" parameter.  This
    is a quoted string which contains one or more keywords to specify
    different parsing options.  The keywords are:

        eol=c           - specifies an end of line comment character
                          (just one)
        skip=n          - specifies the number of lines to skip at the
                          beginning of the file.
        delims=xxx      - specifies a delimiter set.  This replaces the
                          default delimiter set of space and tab.
        tokens=x,y,m-n  - specifies which tokens from each line are to
                          be passed to the for body for each iteration.
                          This will cause additional variable names to
                          be allocated.  The m-n form is a range,
                          specifying the mth through the nth tokens.  If
                          the last character in the tokens= string is an
                          asterisk, then an additional variable is
                          allocated and receives the remaining text on
                          the line after the last token parsed.
        usebackq        - specifies that the new semantics are in force,
                          where a back quoted string is executed as a
                          command and a single quoted string is a
                          literal string command and allows the use of
                          double quotes to quote file names in
                          file-set.

    Some examples might help:

FOR /F "eol=; tokens=2,3* delims=, " %i in (myfile.txt) do @echo %i %j %k

    would parse each line in myfile.txt, ignoring lines that begin with
    a semicolon, passing the 2nd and 3rd token from each line to the for
    body, with tokens delimited by commas and/or spaces.  Notice the for
    body statements reference %i to get the 2nd token, %j to get the
    3rd token, and %k to get all remaining tokens after the 3rd.  For
    file names that contain spaces, you need to quote the filenames with
    double quotes.  In order to use double quotes in this manner, you also
    need to use the usebackq option, otherwise the double quotes will be
    interpreted as defining a literal string to parse.

    %i is explicitly declared in the for statement and the %j and %k
    are implicitly declared via the tokens= option.  You can specify up
    to 26 tokens via the tokens= line, provided it does not cause an
    attempt to declare a variable higher than the letter 'z' or 'Z'.
    Remember, FOR variables are single-letter, case sensitive, global,
    and you can't have more than 52 total active at any one time.

    You can also use the FOR /F parsing logic on an immediate string, by
    making the file-set between the parenthesis a quoted string,
    using single quote characters.  It will be treated as a single line
    of input from a file and parsed.

    Finally, you can use the FOR /F command to parse the output of a
    command.  You do this by making the file-set between the
    parenthesis a back quoted string.  It will be treated as a command
    line, which is passed to a child CMD.EXE and the output is captured
    into memory and parsed as if it was a file.  So the following
    example:

      FOR /F "usebackq delims==" %i IN (`set`) DO @echo %i

    would enumerate the environment variable names in the current
    environment.

In addition, substitution of FOR variable references has been enhanced.
You can now use the following optional syntax:

    %~I         - expands %I removing any surrounding quotes (")
    %~fI        - expands %I to a fully qualified path name
    %~dI        - expands %I to a drive letter only
    %~pI        - expands %I to a path only
    %~nI        - expands %I to a file name only
    %~xI        - expands %I to a file extension only
    %~sI        - expanded path contains short names only
    %~aI        - expands %I to file attributes of file
    %~tI        - expands %I to date/time of file
    %~zI        - expands %I to size of file
    %~$PATH:I   - searches the directories listed in the PATH
                   environment variable and expands %I to the
                   fully qualified name of the first one found.
                   If the environment variable name is not
                   defined or the file is not found by the
                   search, then this modifier expands to the
                   empty string

The modifiers can be combined to get compound results:

    %~dpI       - expands %I to a drive letter and path only
    %~nxI       - expands %I to a file name and extension only
    %~fsI       - expands %I to a full path name with short names only
    %~dp$PATH:I - searches the directories listed in the PATH
                   environment variable for %I and expands to the
                   drive letter and path of the first one found.
    %~ftzaI     - expands %I to a DIR like output line

In the above examples %I and PATH can be replaced by other valid
values.  The %~ syntax is terminated by a valid FOR variable name.
Picking upper case variable names like %I makes it more readable and
avoids confusion with the modifiers, which are not case sensitive.

FORFILES [/P pathname] [/M searchmask] [/S]
         [/C command] [/D [+ | -] {dd-MM-yyyy | dd}]

Description:
    Selects a file (or set of files) and executes a 
    command on that file. This is helpful for batch jobs.

Parameter List:
    /P    pathname      Indicates the path to start searching.
                        The default folder is the current working
                        directory (.).

    /M    searchmask    Searches files according to a searchmask.
                        The default searchmask is '*' .

    /S                  Instructs forfiles to recurse into
                        subdirectories. Like "DIR /S".

    /C    command       Indicates the command to execute for each file.
                        Command strings should be wrapped in double
                        quotes. 

                        The default command is "cmd /c echo @file".

                        The following variables can be used in the
                        command string:
                        @file    - returns the name of the file.
                        @fname   - returns the file name without
                                   extension.
                        @ext     - returns only the extension of the
                                   file.
                        @path    - returns the full path of the file.
                        @relpath - returns the relative path of the
                                   file.
                        @isdir   - returns "TRUE" if a file type is
                                   a directory, and "FALSE" for files.
                        @fsize   - returns the size of the file in
                                   bytes.
                        @fdate   - returns the last modified date of the
                                   file.
                        @ftime   - returns the last modified time of the
                                   file.

                        To include special characters in the command 
                        line, use the hexadecimal code for the character
                        in 0xHH format (ex. 0x09 for tab). Internal
                        CMD.exe commands should be preceded with
                        "cmd /c".

    /D    date          Selects files with a last modified date greater
                        than or equal to (+), or less than or equal to
                        (-), the specified date using the
                        "dd-MM-yyyy" format; or selects files with a
                        last modified date greater than or equal to (+)
                        the current date plus "dd" days, or less than or
                        equal to (-) the current date minus "dd" days. A
                        valid "dd" number of days can be any number in
                        the range of 0 - 32768.
                        "+" is taken as default sign if not specified.

    /?                  Displays this help message.

Examples:
    FORFILES /?
    FORFILES  
    FORFILES /P C:\WINDOWS /S /M DNS*.* 
    FORFILES /S /M *.txt /C "cmd /c type @file | more"
    FORFILES /P C:\ /S /M *.bat
    FORFILES /D -30 /M *.exe
             /C "cmd /c echo @path 0x09 was changed 30 days ago"
    FORFILES /D 01-01-2001
             /C "cmd /c echo @fname is new since Jan 1st 2001"
    FORFILES /D +24-11-2012 /C "cmd /c echo @fname is new today"
    FORFILES /M *.exe /D +1
    FORFILES /S /M *.doc /C "cmd /c echo @fsize" 
    FORFILES /M *.txt /C "cmd /c if @isdir==FALSE notepad.exe @file"

FORMAT

Formats a disk for use with Windows.

FORMAT volume [/FS:file-system] [/V:label] [/Q] [/L] [/A:size] [/C] [/I:state] [/X] [/P:passes] [/S:state]
FORMAT volume [/V:label] [/Q] [/F:size] [/P:passes]
FORMAT volume [/V:label] [/Q] [/T:tracks /N:sectors] [/P:passes]
FORMAT volume [/V:label] [/Q] [/P:passes]
FORMAT volume [/Q]

  volume          Specifies the drive letter (followed by a colon),
                  mount point, or volume name.
  /FS:filesystem  Specifies the type of the file system (FAT, FAT32, exFAT, 
                  NTFS, UDF).
  /V:label        Specifies the volume label.
  /Q              Performs a quick format. Note that this switch overrides /P.
  /C              NTFS only: Files created on the new volume will be compressed
                  by default.
  /X              Forces the volume to dismount first if necessary.  All opened
                  handles to the volume would no longer be valid.
  /R:revision     UDF only: Forces the format to a specific UDF version
                  (1.02, 1.50, 2.00, 2.01, 2.50).  The default
                  revision is 2.01.
  /D              UDF 2.50 only: Metadata will be duplicated.
  /L              NTFS Only: Use large size file records.
                  By default, the volume will be formatted with small size file
                  records.
  /A:size         Overrides the default allocation unit size. Default settings
                  are strongly recommended for general use.
                  NTFS supports 512, 1024, 2048, 4096, 8192, 16K, 32K, 64K.
                  FAT supports 512, 1024, 2048, 4096, 8192, 16K, 32K, 64K,
                  (128K, 256K for sector size > 512 bytes).
                  FAT32 supports 512, 1024, 2048, 4096, 8192, 16K, 32K, 64K,
                  (128K, 256K for sector size > 512 bytes).
                  exFAT supports 512, 1024, 2048, 4096, 8192, 16K, 32K, 64K,
                  128K, 256K, 512K, 1M, 2M, 4M, 8M, 16M, 32M.

                  Note that the FAT and FAT32 files systems impose the
                  following restrictions on the number of clusters on a volume:

                  FAT: Number of clusters <= 65526
                  FAT32: 65526 < Number of clusters < 4177918

                  Format will immediately stop processing if it decides that
                  the above requirements cannot be met using the specified
                  cluster size.

                  NTFS compression is not supported for allocation unit sizes
                  above 4096.

  /F:size         Specifies the size of the floppy disk to format (1.44)
  /T:tracks       Specifies the number of tracks per disk side.
  /N:sectors      Specifies the number of sectors per track.
  /P:count        Zero every sector on the volume.  After that, the volume
                  will be overwritten "count" times using a different
                  random number each time.  If "count" is zero, no additional
                  overwrites are made after zeroing every sector.  This switch
                  is ignored when /Q is specified.
  /S:state        Specifies support for short filenames (enable, disable)
                  Short names are disabled by default

FSUTIL

/? is an invalid parameter.
---- Commands Supported ----

8dot3name       8dot3name management
behavior        Control file system behavior
dirty           Manage volume dirty bit
file            File specific commands
fsinfo          File system information
hardlink        Hardlink management
objectid        Object ID management
quota           Quota management
repair          Self healing management
reparsepoint    Reparse point management
resource        Transactional Resource Manager management
sparse          Sparse file control
transaction     Transaction management
usn             USN management
volume          Volume management

Transfers files to and from a computer running an FTP server service
(sometimes called a daemon). Ftp can be used interactively.

FTP [-v] [-d] [-i] [-n] [-g] [-s:filename] [-a] [-A] [-x:sendbuffer] [-r:recvbuffer] [-b:asyncbuffers] [-w:windowsize] [host]

  -v              Suppresses display of remote server responses.
  -n              Suppresses auto-login upon initial connection.
  -i              Turns off interactive prompting during multiple file
                  transfers.
  -d              Enables debugging.
  -g              Disables filename globbing (see GLOB command).
  -s:filename     Specifies a text file containing FTP commands; the
                  commands will automatically run after FTP starts.
  -a              Use any local interface when binding data connection.
  -A              login as anonymous.
  -x:send sockbuf Overrides the default SO_SNDBUF size of 8192.
  -r:recv sockbuf Overrides the default SO_RCVBUF size of 8192.
  -b:async count  Overrides the default async count of 3
  -w:windowsize   Overrides the default transfer buffer size of 65535.
  host            Specifies the host name or IP address of the remote
                  host to connect to.

Notes:
  - mget and mput commands take y/n/q for yes/no/quit.
  - Use Control-C to abort commands.

FTYPE

Displays or modifies file types used in file extension associations

FTYPE [fileType[=[openCommandString]]]

  fileType  Specifies the file type to examine or change
  openCommandString Specifies the open command to use when launching files
                    of this type.

Type FTYPE without parameters to display the current file types that
have open command strings defined.  FTYPE is invoked with just a file
type, it displays the current open command string for that file type.
Specify nothing for the open command string and the FTYPE command will
delete the open command string for the file type.  Within an open
command string %0 or %1 are substituted with the file name being
launched through the assocation.  %* gets all the parameters and %2
gets the 1st parameter, %3 the second, etc.  %~n gets all the remaining
parameters starting with the nth parameter, where n may be between 2 and 9,
inclusive.  For example:

    ASSOC .pl=PerlScript
    FTYPE PerlScript=perl.exe %1 %*

would allow you to invoke a Perl script as follows:

    script.pl 1 2 3

If you want to eliminate the need to type the extensions, then do the
following:

    set PATHEXT=.pl;%PATHEXT%

and the script could be invoked as follows:

    script 1 2 3

GETMAC [/S system [/U username [/P [password]]]] [/FO format] [/NH] [/V]

Description:
    This tool enables an administrator to display the MAC address
    for network adapters on a system.

Parameter List: 
    /S     system            Specifies the remote system to connect to.

    /U     [domain\]user     Specifies the user context under 
                             which the command should execute.

    /P     [password]        Specifies the password for the given
                             user context. Prompts for input if omitted.

    /FO    format            Specifies the format in which the output
                             is to be displayed.
                             Valid values: "TABLE", "LIST", "CSV".

    /NH                      Specifies that the "Column Header" should
                             not be displayed in the output.
                             Valid only for TABLE and CSV formats.

    /V                       Specifies that verbose output is displayed.

    /?                       Displays this help message.

Examples: 
    GETMAC /? 
    GETMAC /FO csv 
    GETMAC /S system /NH /V
    GETMAC /S system /U user
    GETMAC /S system /U domain\user /P password /FO list /V
    GETMAC /S system /U domain\user /P password /FO table /NH

GOTO

Directs cmd.exe to a labeled line in a batch program.

GOTO label

  label   Specifies a text string used in the batch program as a label.

You type a label on a line by itself, beginning with a colon.

If Command Extensions are enabled GOTO changes as follows:

GOTO command now accepts a target label of :EOF which transfers control
to the end of the current batch script file.  This is an easy way to
exit a batch script file without defining a label.  Type CALL /?  for a
description of extensions to the CALL command that make this feature
useful.

GPRESULT

GPRESULT [/S system [/U username [/P [password]]]] [/SCOPE scope]
           [/USER targetusername] [/R | /V | /Z] [(/X | /H) <filename> [/F]]

Description:
    This command line tool displays the Resultant Set of Policy (RSoP)
    information for a target user and computer.

Parameter List:
    /S        system           Specifies the remote system to connect to.

    /U        [domain\]user    Specifies the user context under which the
                               command should run.
                               Can not be used with /X, /H.

    /P        [password]       Specifies the password for the given user
                               context. Prompts for input if omitted.
                               Cannot be used with /X, /H.

    /SCOPE    scope            Specifies whether the user or the
                               computer settings need to be displayed.
                               Valid values: "USER", "COMPUTER".

    /USER     [domain\]user    Specifies the user name for which the
                               RSoP data is to be displayed.

    /X        <filename>       Saves the report in XML format at the
                               location and with the file name specified
                               by the <filename> parameter. (valid in Windows
                               Vista SP1 and later and Windows Server 2008 and later)

    /H        <filename>       Saves the report in HTML format at the
                               location and with the file name specified by
                               the <filename> parameter. (valid in Windows
                               at least Vista SP1 and at least Windows Server 2008)

    /F                         Forces Gpresult to overwrite the file name
                               specified in the /X or /H command.

    /R                         Displays RSoP summary data.

    /V                         Specifies that verbose information should
                               be displayed. Verbose information provides
                               additional detailed settings that have
                               been applied with a precedence of 1.

    /Z                         Specifies that the super-verbose
                               information should be displayed. Super-
                               verbose information provides additional
                               detailed settings that have been applied
                               with a precedence of 1 and higher. This
                               allows you to see if a setting was set in
                               multiple places. See the Group Policy
                               online help topic for more information.

    /?                         Displays this help message.


Examples:
    GPRESULT /R
    GPRESULT /H GPReport.html
    GPRESULT /USER targetusername /V
    GPRESULT /S system /USER targetusername /SCOPE COMPUTER /Z
    GPRESULT /S system /U username /P password /SCOPE USER /V

Description:  Updates multiple Group Policy settings.

Syntax:  Gpupdate [/Target:{Computer | User}] [/Force] [/Wait:<value>]
     [/Logoff] [/Boot] [/Sync] 

Parameters:

Value                      Description
/Target:{Computer | User}  Specifies that only User or only Computer
                            policy settings are updated. By default,
                            both User and Computer policy settings are
                            updated.

/Force                     Reapplies all policy settings. By default,
                            only policy settings that have changed are
                            applied.

/Wait:{value}              Sets the number of seconds to wait for policy
                            processing to finish. The default is 600
                            seconds. The value '0' means not to wait.
                            The value '-1' means to wait indefinitely.
                            When the time limit is exceeded, the command
                            prompt returns, but policy processing
                            continues.

/Logoff                    Causes a logoff after the Group Policy settings
                            have been updated. This is required for
                            those Group Policy client-side extensions
                            that do not process policy on a background
                            update cycle but do process policy when a
                            user logs on. Examples include user-targeted
                            Software Installation and Folder Redirection.
                            This option has no effect if there are no
                            extensions called that require a logoff.

/Boot                      Causes a computer restart after the Group Policy settings
                            are applied. This is required for those
                            Group Policy client-side extensions that do
                            not process policy on a background update cycle
                            but do process policy at computer startup.
                            Examples include computer-targeted Software
                            Installation. This option has no effect if
                            there are no extensions called that require
                            a restart.

/Sync                      Causes the next foreground policy application to
                            be done synchronously. Foreground policy
                            applications occur at computer start up and user
                            logon. You can specify this for the user,
                            computer or both using the /Target parameter.
                            The /Force and /Wait parameters will be ignored
                            if specified.

GRAFTABL

Enable Windows to display an extended character set in graphics mode.

GRAFTABL [xxx]
GRAFTABL /STATUS

   xxx      Specifies a code page number.
   /STATUS  Displays the current code page selected for use with GRAFTABL.

HELP

Provides help information for Windows commands.

HELP [command]

    command - displays help information on that command.

Prints the name of the current host.

hostname

ICACLS

ICACLS name /save aclfile [/T] [/C] [/L] [/Q]
    stores the DACLs for the files and folders that match the name
    into aclfile for later use with /restore. Note that SACLs,
    owner, or integrity labels are not saved.

ICACLS directory [/substitute SidOld SidNew [...]] /restore aclfile
                 [/C] [/L] [/Q]
    applies the stored DACLs to files in directory.

ICACLS name /setowner user [/T] [/C] [/L] [/Q]
    changes the owner of all matching names. This option does not
    force a change of ownership; use the takeown.exe utility for
    that purpose.

ICACLS name /findsid Sid [/T] [/C] [/L] [/Q]
    finds all matching names that contain an ACL
    explicitly mentioning Sid.

ICACLS name /verify [/T] [/C] [/L] [/Q]
    finds all files whose ACL is not in canonical form or whose
    lengths are inconsistent with ACE counts.

ICACLS name /reset [/T] [/C] [/L] [/Q]
    replaces ACLs with default inherited ACLs for all matching files.

ICACLS name [/grant[:r] Sid:perm[...]]
       [/deny Sid:perm [...]]
       [/remove[:g|:d]] Sid[...]] [/T] [/C] [/L] [/Q]
       [/setintegritylevel Level:policy[...]]

    /grant[:r] Sid:perm grants the specified user access rights. With :r,
        the permissions replace any previously granted explicit permissions.
        Without :r, the permissions are added to any previously granted
        explicit permissions.

    /deny Sid:perm explicitly denies the specified user access rights.
        An explicit deny ACE is added for the stated permissions and
        the same permissions in any explicit grant are removed.

    /remove[:[g|d]] Sid removes all occurrences of Sid in the ACL. With
        :g, it removes all occurrences of granted rights to that Sid. With
        :d, it removes all occurrences of denied rights to that Sid.

    /setintegritylevel [(CI)(OI)]Level explicitly adds an integrity
        ACE to all matching files.  The level is to be specified as one
        of:
            L[ow]
            M[edium]
            H[igh]
        Inheritance options for the integrity ACE may precede the level
        and are applied only to directories.

    /inheritance:e|d|r
        e - enables inheritance
        d - disables inheritance and copy the ACEs
        r - remove all inherited ACEs


Note:
    Sids may be in either numerical or friendly name form. If a numerical
    form is given, affix a * to the start of the SID.

    /T indicates that this operation is performed on all matching
        files/directories below the directories specified in the name.

    /C indicates that this operation will continue on all file errors.
        Error messages will still be displayed.

    /L indicates that this operation is performed on a symbolic link
       itself versus its target.

    /Q indicates that icacls should suppress success messages.

    ICACLS preserves the canonical ordering of ACE entries:
            Explicit denials
            Explicit grants
            Inherited denials
            Inherited grants

    perm is a permission mask and can be specified in one of two forms:
        a sequence of simple rights:
                N - no access
                F - full access
                M - modify access
                RX - read and execute access
                R - read-only access
                W - write-only access
                D - delete access
        a comma-separated list in parentheses of specific rights:
                DE - delete
                RC - read control
                WDAC - write DAC
                WO - write owner
                S - synchronize
                AS - access system security
                MA - maximum allowed
                GR - generic read
                GW - generic write
                GE - generic execute
                GA - generic all
                RD - read data/list directory
                WD - write data/add file
                AD - append data/add subdirectory
                REA - read extended attributes
                WEA - write extended attributes
                X - execute/traverse
                DC - delete child
                RA - read attributes
                WA - write attributes
        inheritance rights may precede either form and are applied
        only to directories:
                (OI) - object inherit
                (CI) - container inherit
                (IO) - inherit only
                (NP) - don't propagate inherit
                (I) - permission inherited from parent container

Examples:

        icacls c:\windows\* /save AclFile /T
        - Will save the ACLs for all files under c:\windows
          and its subdirectories to AclFile.

        icacls c:\windows\ /restore AclFile
        - Will restore the Acls for every file within
          AclFile that exists in c:\windows and its subdirectories.

        icacls file /grant Administrator:(D,WDAC)
        - Will grant the user Administrator Delete and Write DAC
          permissions to file.

        icacls file /grant *S-1-1-0:(D,WDAC)
        - Will grant the user defined by sid S-1-1-0 Delete and
          Write DAC permissions to file.

IF

Performs conditional processing in batch programs.

IF [NOT] ERRORLEVEL number command
IF [NOT] string1==string2 command
IF [NOT] EXIST filename command

  NOT               Specifies that Windows should carry out
                    the command only if the condition is false.

  ERRORLEVEL number Specifies a true condition if the last program run
                    returned an exit code equal to or greater than the number
                    specified.

  string1==string2  Specifies a true condition if the specified text strings
                    match.

  EXIST filename    Specifies a true condition if the specified filename
                    exists.

  command           Specifies the command to carry out if the condition is
                    met.  Command can be followed by ELSE command which
                    will execute the command after the ELSE keyword if the
                    specified condition is FALSE

The ELSE clause must occur on the same line as the command after the IF.  For
example:

    IF EXIST filename. (
        del filename.
    ) ELSE (
        echo filename. missing.
    )

The following would NOT work because the del command needs to be terminated
by a newline:

    IF EXIST filename. del filename. ELSE echo filename. missing

Nor would the following work, since the ELSE command must be on the same line
as the end of the IF command:

    IF EXIST filename. del filename.
    ELSE echo filename. missing

The following would work if you want it all on one line:

    IF EXIST filename. (del filename.) ELSE echo filename. missing

If Command Extensions are enabled IF changes as follows:

    IF [/I] string1 compare-op string2 command
    IF CMDEXTVERSION number command
    IF DEFINED variable command

where compare-op may be one of:

    EQU - equal
    NEQ - not equal
    LSS - less than
    LEQ - less than or equal
    GTR - greater than
    GEQ - greater than or equal

and the /I switch, if specified, says to do case insensitive string
compares.  The /I switch can also be used on the string1==string2 form
of IF.  These comparisons are generic, in that if both string1 and
string2 are both comprised of all numeric digits, then the strings are
converted to numbers and a numeric comparison is performed.

The CMDEXTVERSION conditional works just like ERRORLEVEL, except it is
comparing against an internal version number associated with the Command
Extensions.  The first version is 1.  It will be incremented by one when
significant enhancements are added to the Command Extensions.
CMDEXTVERSION conditional is never true when Command Extensions are
disabled.

The DEFINED conditional works just like EXIST except it takes an
environment variable name and returns true if the environment variable
is defined.

%ERRORLEVEL% will expand into a string representation of
the current value of ERRORLEVEL, provided that there is not already
an environment variable with the name ERRORLEVEL, in which case you
will get its value instead.  After running a program, the following
illustrates ERRORLEVEL use:

    goto answer%ERRORLEVEL%
    :answer0
    echo Program had return code 0
    :answer1
    echo Program had return code 1

You can also use numerical comparisons above:

    IF %ERRORLEVEL% LEQ 1 goto okay

%CMDCMDLINE% will expand into the original command line passed to
CMD.EXE prior to any processing by CMD.EXE, provided that there is not
already an environment variable with the name CMDCMDLINE, in which case
you will get its value instead.

%CMDEXTVERSION% will expand into a string representation of the
current value of CMDEXTVERSION, provided that there is not already
an environment variable with the name CMDEXTVERSION, in which case you
will get its value instead.

USAGE:
    ipconfig [/allcompartments] [/? | /all | 
                                 /renew [adapter] | /release [adapter] |
                                 /renew6 [adapter] | /release6 [adapter] |
                                 /flushdns | /displaydns | /registerdns |
                                 /showclassid adapter |
                                 /setclassid adapter [classid] |
                                 /showclassid6 adapter |
                                 /setclassid6 adapter [classid] ]

where
    adapter             Connection name 
                       (wildcard characters * and ? allowed, see examples)

    Options:
       /?               Display this help message
       /all             Display full configuration information.
       /release         Release the IPv4 address for the specified adapter.
       /release6        Release the IPv6 address for the specified adapter.
       /renew           Renew the IPv4 address for the specified adapter.
       /renew6          Renew the IPv6 address for the specified adapter.
       /flushdns        Purges the DNS Resolver cache.
       /registerdns     Refreshes all DHCP leases and re-registers DNS names
       /displaydns      Display the contents of the DNS Resolver Cache.
       /showclassid     Displays all the dhcp class IDs allowed for adapter.
       /setclassid      Modifies the dhcp class id.  
       /showclassid6    Displays all the IPv6 DHCP class IDs allowed for adapter.
       /setclassid6     Modifies the IPv6 DHCP class id.


The default is to display only the IP address, subnet mask and
default gateway for each adapter bound to TCP/IP.

For Release and Renew, if no adapter name is specified, then the IP address
leases for all adapters bound to TCP/IP will be released or renewed.

For Setclassid and Setclassid6, if no ClassId is specified, then the ClassId is removed.

Examples:
    > ipconfig                       ... Show information
    > ipconfig /all                  ... Show detailed information
    > ipconfig /renew                ... renew all adapters
    > ipconfig /renew EL*            ... renew any connection that has its 
                                         name starting with EL
    > ipconfig /release *Con*        ... release all matching connections,
                                         eg. "Wired Ethernet Connection 1" or
                                             "Wired Ethernet Connection 2"
    > ipconfig /allcompartments      ... Show information about all 
                                         compartments
    > ipconfig /allcompartments /all ... Show detailed information about all
                                         compartments

Microsoft iSCSI Initiator Version 6.2 Build 9200

iscsicli

iscsicli AddTarget <TargetName> <TargetAlias> <TargetPortalAddress>
                           <TargetPortalSocket> <Target flags>
                           <Persist> <Login Flags> <Header Digest> <Data Digest> 
                           <Max Connections> <DefaultTime2Wait>
                           <DefaultTime2Retain> <Username> <Password> <AuthType>
                           <Mapping Count> <Target Lun> <OS Bus> <Os Target> 
                           <OS Lun> ...

iscsicli RemoveTarget <TargetName> 

iscsicli AddTargetPortal <TargetPortalAddress> <TargetPortalSocket> 
                         [HBA Name] [Port Number]
                         <Security Flags>
                         <Login Flags> <Header Digest> <Data Digest> 
                         <Max Connections> <DefaultTime2Wait>
                        <DefaultTime2Retain> <Username> <Password> <AuthType>

iscsicli RemoveTargetPortal <TargetPortalAddress> <TargetPortalSocket> [HBA Name] [Port Number]

iscsicli RefreshTargetPortal <TargetPortalAddress> <TargetPortalSocket> [HBA Name] [Port Number]

iscsicli ListTargets [ForceUpdate]

iscsicli ListTargetPortals

iscsicli TargetInfo <TargetName> [Discovery Mechanism]

iscsicli LoginTarget <TargetName> <ReportToPNP>
                     <TargetPortalAddress> <TargetPortalSocket>
                     <InitiatorInstance> <Port number> <Security Flags>
                    <Login Flags> <Header Digest> <Data Digest> 
                    <Max Connections> <DefaultTime2Wait>
                    <DefaultTime2Retain> <Username> <Password> <AuthType> <Key>
                    <Mapping Count> <Target Lun> <OS Bus> <Os Target> 
                    <OS Lun> ...

iscsicli LogoutTarget <SessionId>

iscsicli PersistentLoginTarget <TargetName> <ReportToPNP>
                     <TargetPortalAddress> <TargetPortalSocket>
                    <InitiatorInstance> <Port number> <Security Flags>
                    <Login Flags> <Header Digest> <Data Digest> 
                    <Max Connections> <DefaultTime2Wait>
                    <DefaultTime2Retain> <Username> <Password> <AuthType> <Key>
                    <Mapping Count> <Target Lun> <OS Bus> <Os Target> 
                    <OS Lun> ...

iscsicli ListPersistentTargets

iscsicli RemovePersistentTarget <Initiator Name> <TargetName> 
                               <Port Number> 
                               <Target Portal Address> 
                                <Target Portal Socket> 

iscsicli AddConnection <SessionId> <Initiator Instance>
                      <Port Number> <Target Portal Address>
                      <Target Portal Socket> <Security Flags>
                      <Login Flags> <Header Digest> <Data Digest> 
                      <Max Connections> <DefaultTime2Wait>
                      <DefaultTime2Retain> <Username> <Password> <AuthType> <Key>

iscsicli RemoveConnection <SessionId> <ConnectionId> 
iscsicli ScsiInquiry <SessionId> <LUN> <EvpdCmddt> <PageCode>

iscsicli ReadCapacity <SessionId> <LUN>

iscsicli ReportLUNs <SessionId>

iscsicli ReportTargetMappings

iscsicli ListInitiators

iscsicli AddiSNSServer <iSNS Server Address>

iscsicli RemoveiSNSServer <iSNS Server Address>

iscsicli RefreshiSNSServer <iSNS Server Address>

iscsicli ListiSNSServers

iscsicli FirewallExemptiSNSServer

iscsicli NodeName <node name>

iscsicli SessionList <Show Session Info>

iscsicli CHAPSecret <chap secret>

iscsicli TunnelAddr <Initiator Name> <InitiatorPort> <Destination Address> <Tunnel Address> <Persist>

iscsicli GroupKey <Key> <Persist>

iscsicli BindPersistentVolumes

iscsicli BindPersistentDevices

iscsicli ReportPersistentDevices

iscsicli AddPersistentDevice <Volume or Device Path>

iscsicli RemovePersistentDevice <Volume or Device Path>

iscsicli ClearPersistentDevices

iscsicli Ping <Initiator Name> <Address> [Request Count] [Request Size] [Request Timeout]

iscsicli GetPSKey <Initiator Name> <initiator Port> <Id Type> <Id>

iscsicli PSKey <Initiator Name> <initiator Port> <Security Flags> <Id Type> <Id> <Key> <persist>
Quick Commands

iscsicli QLoginTarget <TargetName>  [CHAP Username] [CHAP Password]

iscsicli QAddTarget <TargetName> <TargetPortalAddress>

iscsicli QAddTargetPortal <TargetPortalAddress>
                          [CHAP Username] [CHAP Password]

iscsicli QAddConnection <SessionId> <Initiator Instance>
                        <Target Portal Address>
                        [CHAP Username] [CHAP Password]

Target Mappings:
    <Target Lun> is the LUN value the target uses to expose the LUN.
                 It must be in the form 0x0123456789abcdef
    <OS Bus> is the bus number the OS should use to surface the LUN
    <OS Target> is the target number the OS should use to surface the LUN
    <OS LUN> is the LUN number the OS should use to surface the LUN

Payload Id Type:
    ID_IPV4_ADDR is      1 - Id format is 1.2.3.4
    ID_FQDN is           2 - Id format is ComputerName
    ID_IPV6_ADDR is      5 - Id form is IPv6 Address
Security Flags:
    TunnelMode is          0x00000040
    TransportMode is       0x00000020
    PFS Enabled is         0x00000010
    Aggressive Mode is     0x00000008
    Main mode is           0x00000004
    IPSEC/IKE Enabled is   0x00000002
    Valid Flags is         0x00000001

Login Flags:
    ISCSI_LOGIN_FLAG_REQUIRE_IPSEC                0x00000001
        IPsec is required for the operation

    ISCSI_LOGIN_FLAG_MULTIPATH_ENABLED            0x00000002
        Multipathing is enabled for the target on this initiator

AuthType:
    ISCSI_NO_AUTH_TYPE = 0,
        No iSCSI in-band authentication is used

    ISCSI_CHAP_AUTH_TYPE = 1,
        One way CHAP (Target authenticates initiator is used)

    ISCSI_MUTUAL_CHAP_AUTH_TYPE = 2
        Mutual CHAP (Target and Initiator authenticate each other is used)

Target Flags:
    ISCSI_TARGET_FLAG_HIDE_STATIC_TARGET            0x00000002
        If this flag is set then the target will never be reported unless it
        is also discovered dynamically.

    ISCSI_TARGET_FLAG_MERGE_TARGET_INFORMATION      0x00000004
        If this flag is set then the target information passed will be
        merged with any target information already statically configured for
        the target

CHAP secrets, CHAP passwords and IPSEC preshared keys can be specified as
a text string or as a sequence of hexadecimal values. The value specified on
the command line is always considered a string unless the first two characters
0x in which case it is considered a hexadecimal value.

For example 0x12345678 specifies a 4 byte secret

All numerical values are assumed decimal unless preceeded by 0x. If
preceeded by 0x then value is assumed to be hex

iscsicli can also be run in command line mode where iscsicli commands
can be entered directly from the console. To enter command line
mode, just run iscsicli without any parameters

The operation completed successfully. 

LABEL

Creates, changes, or deletes the volume label of a disk.

LABEL [drive:][label]
LABEL [/MP] [volume] [label]

  drive:          Specifies the drive letter of a drive.
  label           Specifies the label of the volume.
  /MP             Specifies that the volume should be treated as a
                  mount point or volume name.
  volume          Specifies the drive letter (followed by a colon),
                  mount point, or volume name.  If volume name is specified,
                  the /MP flag is unnecessary.

LODCTR
    Updates registry values related to performance counters.

Usage:
    LODCTR <INI-FileName>
        INI-FileName is the name of the initialization file that contains
            the counter name definitions and explain text for an extensible
            counter DLL.

    LODCTR /S:<Backup-FileName>
        save the current perf registry strings and info to <Backup-FileName>

    LODCTR /R:<Backup-FileName>
        restore the perf registry strings and info using <Backup-FileName>

    LODCTR /R
        rebuild the perf registry strings and info from scratch based on the current
            registry settings and backup INI files.

    LODCTR /T:<Service-Name>
        set the performance counter service as trusted.

    LODCTR /E:<Service-Name>
        enable the performance counter service.

    LODCTR /D:<Service-Name>
        disable the performance counter service.

    LODCTR /Q

    LODCTR /Q:<Service-Name>
        query the performance counter service information, either query all or specified one.

    LODCTR /M:<Counter-Manifest>
        install Windows Vista performance counter provider definition XML file
            to system repository.

Note: any arguments with spaces in the names must be enclosed within
Double Quotation marks.

Microsoft r Logman.exe (6.2.9200.16384)

Usage:
  LOGMAN [create|query|start|stop|delete|update|import|export] [options]

Verbs:
  create                        Create a new data collector.
  query                         Query data collector properties. If no name
                                is given all data collectors are listed.
  start                         Start an existing data collector and set the
                                begin time to manual.
  stop                          Stop an existing data collector and set the
                                end time to manual.
  delete                        Delete an existing data collector.
  update                        Update an existing data collector's properties.
  import                        Import a data collector set from an XML file.
  export                        Export a data collector set to an XML file.

Adverbs:
  counter                       Create a counter data collector.
  trace                         Create a trace data collector.
  alert                         Create an alert data collector.
  cfg                           Create a configuration data collector.
  providers                     Show registered providers.

Options (counter):
  -c <path [path [...]]>        Performance counters to collect.
  -cf <filename>                File listing performance counters to collect,
                                one per line.
  -f <bin|bincirc|csv|tsv|sql>  Specifies the log format for the data
                                collector. For SQL database format, you must
                                use the -o option in the command line with
                                the DNS!log option. The defaults is binary.
  -sc <value>                   Maximum number of samples to collect with a
                                performance counter data collector.
  -si <[[hh:]mm:]ss>            Sample interval for performance counter data
                                collectors.

Options (trace):
  -f <bin|bincirc|csv|tsv|sql>  Specifies the log format for the data
                                collector. For SQL database format, you must
                                use the -o option in the command line with
                                the DNS!log option. The defaults is binary.
  -mode <trace_mode>            Event Trace Session logger mode. For more
                                information visit -
                                http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=136464
  -ct <perf|system|cycle>       Specifies the clock resolution to use when
                                logging the time stamp for each event. You
                                can use query performance counter, system
                                time, or CPU cycle.
  -ln <logger_name>             Logger name for Event Trace Sessions.
  -ft <[[hh:]mm:]ss>            Event Trace Session flush timer.
  -[-]p <provider [flags [level]]> A single Event Trace provider to enable.
                                The terms 'Flags' and 'Keywords' are
                                synonymous in this context.
  -pf <filename>                File listing multiple Event Trace providers
                                to enable.
  -[-]rt                        Run the Event Trace Session in real-time mode.
  -[-]ul                        Run the Event Trace Session in user mode.
  -bs <value>                   Event Trace Session buffer size in kb.
  -nb <min max>                 Number of Event Trace Session buffers.

Options (alert):
  -[-]el                        Enable/Disable event log reporting.
  -th <threshold [threshold [...]]> Specify counters and their threshold
                                values for and alert.
  -[-]rdcs <name>               Data collector set to start when alert fires.
  -[-]tn <task>                 Task to run when alert fires.
  -[-]targ <argument>           Task arguments.
  -si <[[hh:]mm:]ss>            Sample interval for performance counter data
                                collectors.

Options (cfg):
  -[-]ni                        Enable/Disable network interface query.
  -reg <path [path [...]]>      Registry values to collect.
  -mgt <query [query [...]]>    WMI objects to collect.
  -ftc <path [path [...]]>      Full path to the files to collect.

Options:
  -?                            Displays context sensitive help.
  -s <computer>                 Perform the command on specified remote system.
  -config <filename>            Settings file containing command options.
  [-n] <name>                   Name of the target object.
  -pid <pid>                    Process identifier.
  -xml <filename>               Name of the XML file to import or export.
  -as                           Perform the requested operation asynchronously.
  -[-]u <user [password]>       User to Run As. Entering a * for the password
                                produces a prompt for the password. The
                                password is not displayed when you type it at
                                the password prompt.
  -m <[start] [stop]>           Change to manual start or stop instead of a
                                scheduled begin or end time.
  -rf <[[hh:]mm:]ss>            Run the data collector for the specified
                                period of time.
  -b <dd-MM-yyyy HH:mm:ss[AM|PM]> Begin the data collector at specified time.
  -e <dd-MM-yyyy HH:mm:ss[AM|PM]> End the data collector at specified time.
  -o <path|dsn!log>             Path of the output log file or the DSN and
                                log set name in a SQL database. The default
                                path is '%systemdrive%\PerfLogs\Admin'.
  -[-]r                         Repeat the data collector daily at the
                                specified begin and end times.
  -[-]a                         Append to an existing log file.
  -[-]ow                        Overwrite an existing log file.
  -[-]v <nnnnnn|mmddhhmm>       Attach file versioning information to the end
                                of the log name.
  -[-]rc <task>                 Run the command specified each time the log
                                is closed.
  -[-]max <value>               Maximum log file size in MB or number of
                                records for SQL logs.
  -[-]cnf <[[hh:]mm:]ss>        Create a new file when the specified time has
                                elapsed or when the max size is exceeded.
  -y                            Answer yes to all questions without prompting.
  -fd                           Flushes all the active buffers of an existing
                                Event Trace Session to disk.
  -ets                          Send commands to Event Trace Sessions
                                directly without saving or scheduling.

Note:
  Where [-] is listed, an extra - negates the option.
  For example --u turns off the -u option.

More Information:
  Microsoft TechNet - http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=136332

Examples:
  logman start perf_log
  logman update perf_log -si 10 -f csv -v mmddhhmm
  logman create counter perf_log -c "\Processor(_Total)\% Processor Time"
  logman create counter perf_log -c "\Processor(_Total)\% Processor Time" -max 10 -rf 01:00
  logman create trace trace_log -nb 16 256 -bs 64 -o c:\logfile
  logman create alert new_alert -th "\Processor(_Total)\% Processor Time>50"
  logman create cfg cfg_log -reg "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\\"
  logman create cfg cfg_log -mgt "root\cimv2:SELECT * FROM Win32_OperatingSystem"
  logman query providers
  logman query providers Microsoft-Windows-Diagnostics-Networking
  logman start process_trace -p Microsoft-Windows-Kernel-Process 0x10 win:Informational -ets
  logman start usermode_trace -p "Service Control Manager Trace" -ul -ets
  logman query usermode_trace -p "Service Control Manager Trace" -ul -ets
  logman stop usermode_trace -p "Service Control Manager Trace" -ul -ets
  logman start process_trace -p Microsoft-Windows-Kernel-Process -mode newfile -max 1 -o output%d.etl -ets
  logman start "NT Kernel Logger" -o log.etl -ets
  logman start "NT Kernel Logger" -p "Windows Kernel Trace" (process,thread) -ets

Terminates a session.

LOGOFF [sessionname | sessionid] [/SERVER:servername] [/V] [/VM]

  sessionname         The name of the session.
  sessionid           The ID of the session.
  /SERVER:servername  Specifies the Remote Desktop server containing the user
                      session to log off (default is current).
  /V                  Displays information about the actions performed.
  /VM                 Logs off a session on server or within virtual machine. The unique ID of the session needs to be specified.

Cabinet Maker - Lossless Data Compression Tool

MAKECAB [/V[n]] [/D var=value ...] [/L dir] source [destination]
MAKECAB [/V[n]] [/D var=value ...] /F directive_file [...]

  source         File to compress.
  destination    File name to give compressed file.  If omitted, the
                 last character of the source file name is replaced
                 with an underscore (_) and used as the destination.
  /F directives  A file with MakeCAB directives (may be repeated). Refer to
                 Microsoft Cabinet SDK for information on directive_file.
  /D var=value   Defines variable with specified value.
  /L dir         Location to place destination (default is current directory).
  /V[n]          Verbosity level (1..3).

BitLocker Drive Encryption: Configuration Tool version 6.2.9200
Copyright (C) 2012 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

manage-bde[.exe] -parameter [arguments]

Description:
    Configures BitLocker Drive Encryption on disk volumes.

Parameter List:
    -status     Provides information about BitLocker-capable volumes.
    -on         Encrypts the volume and turns BitLocker protection on.
    -off        Decrypts the volume and turns BitLocker protection off.
    -pause      Pauses encryption, decryption, or free space wipe.
    -resume     Resumes encryption, decryption, or free space wipe.
    -lock       Prevents access to BitLocker-encrypted data.
    -unlock     Allows access to BitLocker-encrypted data.
    -autounlock Manages automatic unlocking of data volumes.
    -protectors Manages protection methods for the encryption key.
    -SetIdentifier or -si
                Configures the identification field for a volume.
    -ForceRecovery or -fr
                Forces a BitLocker-protected OS to recover on restarts.
    -changepassword
                Modifies password for a data volume.
    -changepin  Modifies PIN for a volume.
    -changekey  Modifies startup key for a volume.
    -KeyPackage or -kp
                Generates a key package for a volume.
    -upgrade    Upgrades the BitLocker version.
    -WipeFreeSpace or -w
                Wipes the free space on the volume.
    -ComputerName or -cn
                Runs on another computer. Examples: "ComputerX", "127.0.0.1"
    -? or /?    Displays brief help. Example: "-ParameterSet -?"
    -Help or -h Displays complete help. Example: "-ParameterSet -h"

Examples:
    manage-bde -status
    manage-bde -on C: -RecoveryPassword -RecoveryKey F:\
    manage-bde -unlock E: -RecoveryKey F:\84E151C1...7A62067A512.bek

MD

Creates a directory.

MKDIR [drive:]path
MD [drive:]path

If Command Extensions are enabled MKDIR changes as follows:

MKDIR creates any intermediate directories in the path, if needed.
For example, assume \a does not exist then:

    mkdir \a\b\c\d

is the same as:

    mkdir \a
    chdir \a
    mkdir b
    chdir b
    mkdir c
    chdir c
    mkdir d

which is what you would have to type if extensions were disabled.

Displays the amount of used and free memory in your system.

MEM [/PROGRAM | /DEBUG | /CLASSIFY]

  /PROGRAM or /P   Displays status of programs currently loaded in memory.
  /DEBUG or /D     Displays status of programs, internal drivers, and other
                   information.
  /CLASSIFY or /C  Classifies programs by memory usage. Lists the size of
                   programs, provides a summary of memory in use, and lists
                   largest memory block available.

MKDIR

Creates a directory.

MKDIR [drive:]path
MD [drive:]path

If Command Extensions are enabled MKDIR changes as follows:

MKDIR creates any intermediate directories in the path, if needed.
For example, assume \a does not exist then:

    mkdir \a\b\c\d

is the same as:

    mkdir \a
    chdir \a
    mkdir b
    chdir b
    mkdir c
    chdir c
    mkdir d

which is what you would have to type if extensions were disabled.

MKLINK

Creates a symbolic link.

MKLINK [[/D] | [/H] | [/J]] Link Target

        /D      Creates a directory symbolic link.  Default is a file
                symbolic link.
        /H      Creates a hard link instead of a symbolic link.
        /J      Creates a Directory Junction.
        Link    specifies the new symbolic link name.
        Target  specifies the path (relative or absolute) that the new link
                refers to.

MODE

Configures system devices.

Serial port:       MODE COMm[:] [BAUD=b] [PARITY=p] [DATA=d] [STOP=s]
                                [to=on|off] [xon=on|off] [odsr=on|off]
                                [octs=on|off] [dtr=on|off|hs]
                                [rts=on|off|hs|tg] [idsr=on|off]

Device Status:     MODE [device] [/STATUS]

Redirect printing: MODE LPTn[:]=COMm[:]

Select code page:  MODE CON[:] CP SELECT=yyy

Code page status:  MODE CON[:] CP [/STATUS]

Display mode:      MODE CON[:] [COLS=c] [LINES=n]

Typematic rate:    MODE CON[:] [RATE=r DELAY=d]

MORE

Displays output one screen at a time.

MORE [/E [/C] [/P] [/S] [/Tn] [+n]] < [drive:][path]filename
command-name | MORE [/E [/C] [/P] [/S] [/Tn] [+n]]
MORE /E [/C] [/P] [/S] [/Tn] [+n] [files]

    [drive:][path]filename  Specifies a file to display one
                            screen at a time.

    command-name            Specifies a command whose output
                            will be displayed.

    /E      Enable extended features
    /C      Clear screen before displaying page
    /P      Expand FormFeed characters
    /S      Squeeze multiple blank lines into a single line
    /Tn     Expand tabs to n spaces (default 8)

            Switches can be present in the MORE environment
            variable.

    +n      Start displaying the first file at line n

    files   List of files to be displayed. Files in the list
            are separated by blanks.

    If extended features are enabled, the following commands
    are accepted at the -- More -- prompt:

    P n     Display next n lines
    S n     Skip next n lines
    F       Display next file
    Q       Quit
    =       Show line number
    ?       Show help line
    <space> Display next page
    <ret>   Display next line

Creates, deletes, or lists a volume mount point.

MOUNTVOL [drive:]path VolumeName
MOUNTVOL [drive:]path /D
MOUNTVOL [drive:]path /L
MOUNTVOL [drive:]path /P
MOUNTVOL /R
MOUNTVOL /N
MOUNTVOL /E

    path        Specifies the existing NTFS directory where the mount
                point will reside.
    VolumeName  Specifies the volume name that is the target of the mount
                point.
    /D          Removes the volume mount point from the specified directory.
    /L          Lists the mounted volume name for the specified directory.
    /P          Removes the volume mount point from the specified directory,
                dismounts the volume, and makes the volume not mountable.
                You can make the volume mountable again by creating a volume
                mount point.
    /R          Removes volume mount point directories and registry settings
                for volumes that are no longer in the system.
    /N          Disables automatic mounting of new volumes.
    /E          Re-enables automatic mounting of new volumes.

Possible values for VolumeName along with current mount points are:

    \\?\Volume{c661ca5f-2b59-11e2-af9b-806e6f6e6963}\
        C:\

    \\?\Volume{c661ca60-2b59-11e2-af9b-806e6f6e6963}\
        D:\

MOVE

Moves files and renames files and directories.

To move one or more files:
MOVE [/Y | /-Y] [drive:][path]filename1[,...] destination

To rename a directory:
MOVE [/Y | /-Y] [drive:][path]dirname1 dirname2

  [drive:][path]filename1 Specifies the location and name of the file
                          or files you want to move.
  destination             Specifies the new location of the file. Destination
                          can consist of a drive letter and colon, a
                          directory name, or a combination. If you are moving
                          only one file, you can also include a filename if
                          you want to rename the file when you move it.
  [drive:][path]dirname1  Specifies the directory you want to rename.
  dirname2                Specifies the new name of the directory.

  /Y                      Suppresses prompting to confirm you want to
                          overwrite an existing destination file.
  /-Y                     Causes prompting to confirm you want to overwrite
                          an existing destination file.

The switch /Y may be present in the COPYCMD environment variable.
This may be overridden with /-Y on the command line.  Default is
to prompt on overwrites unless MOVE command is being executed from
within a batch script.

Usage: mrinfo [-n?] [-i address] [-t secs] [-r retries] destination
       
 -n           Display IP addresses in numeric format
 -i address   Address of local interface to send query out
 -t seconds   Timeout in seconds for IGMP queries (default = 3 seconds) 
 -r retries   Number of extra times to send the SNMP queries (default = 0)         
 -?           Print Usage
 destination  Address or name of destination

Send a message to a user.

MSG {username | sessionname | sessionid | @filename | *}
    [/SERVER:servername] [/TIME:seconds] [/V] [/W] [message]

  username            Identifies the specified username.
  sessionname         The name of the session.
  sessionid           The ID of the session.
  @filename           Identifies a file containing a list of usernames,
                      sessionnames, and sessionids to send the message to.
  *                   Send message to all sessions on specified server.
  /SERVER:servername  server to contact (default is current).
  /TIME:seconds       Time delay to wait for receiver to acknowledge msg.
  /V                  Display information about actions being performed.
  /W                  Wait for response from user, useful with /V.
  message             Message to send.  If none specified, prompts for it
                      or reads from stdin.

Displays protocol statistics and current TCP/IP connections using NBT
(NetBIOS over TCP/IP).

NBTSTAT [ [-a RemoteName] [-A IP address] [-c] [-n]
        [-r] [-R] [-RR] [-s] [-S] [interval] ]

  -a   (adapter status) Lists the remote machine's name table given its name
  -A   (Adapter status) Lists the remote machine's name table given its
                        IP address.
  -c   (cache)          Lists NBT's cache of remote [machine] names and their IP addresses
  -n   (names)          Lists local NetBIOS names.
  -r   (resolved)       Lists names resolved by broadcast and via WINS
  -R   (Reload)         Purges and reloads the remote cache name table
  -S   (Sessions)       Lists sessions table with the destination IP addresses
  -s   (sessions)       Lists sessions table converting destination IP
                        addresses to computer NETBIOS names.
  -RR  (ReleaseRefresh) Sends Name Release packets to WINS and then, starts Refresh

  RemoteName   Remote host machine name.
  IP address   Dotted decimal representation of the IP address.
  interval     Redisplays selected statistics, pausing interval seconds
               between each display. Press Ctrl+C to stop redisplaying
               statistics.

The syntax of this command is:

NET
    [ ACCOUNTS | COMPUTER | CONFIG | CONTINUE | FILE | GROUP | HELP |
      HELPMSG | LOCALGROUP | PAUSE | SESSION | SHARE | START |
      STATISTICS | STOP | TIME | USE | USER | VIEW ]

netcfg [-v] [-e] [-winpe] [-l <full-path-to-component-INF>] -c <p|s|c> 
       -i <comp-id>
    
    -winpe installs TCP/IP, NetBIOS and Microsoft Client for Windows 
           preinstallation environment
    -l	   provides the location of INF
    -c	   provides the class of the component to be installed (p == Protocol, 
           s == Service, c == Client)
    -i	   provides the component ID

    The arguments must be passed in the order shown.

    Examples:
    
    netcfg -l c:\oemdir\myprot.inf -c p -i myprot
    
        Installs protocol 'myprot' using c:\oemdir\myprot.inf

    netcfg -c s -i MS_Server
     
        Installs service 'MS_Server'
 
OR

netcfg [-v] -winpe

    Example:
    
    netcfg -v -winpe

        Installs TCP/IP, NetBIOS, and Microsoft Client for Windows 
        preinstallation environment

OR

netcfg [-v] -q <comp-id>

    Example:
    
    netcfg -q MS_IPX
    
        Displays if component 'MS_IPX' is installed

OR

netcfg [-v] [-e] -u <comp-id>

    Example:

    netcfg -u MS_IPX

        Uninstalls component 'MS_IPX'

OR

netcfg [-v] -s <a|n>

    -s  provides the type of components to show (a == adapters, 
        n == net components)

    Example:
    
    netcfg -s n

        Shows all installed net components

OR

netcfg [-v] -b <comp-id>

    Example:

    netcfg -b ms_tcpip

        Shows binding paths containing 'MS_TCPIP'

General Notes:
  -v	Run in verbose (detailed) mode
  -e	Use servicing environment variables during install and uninstall
  -?	Displays this help information

Usage: NETSH [-a AliasFile] [-c Context] [-r RemoteMachine] [-u [DomainName\]UserName] [-p Password | *]
             [Command | -f ScriptFile]

The following commands are available:

Commands in this context:
?              - Displays a list of commands.
add            - Adds a configuration entry to a list of entries.
advfirewall    - Changes to the `netsh advfirewall' context.
branchcache    - Changes to the `netsh branchcache' context.
bridge         - Changes to the `netsh bridge' context.
delete         - Deletes a configuration entry from a list of entries.
dhcpclient     - Changes to the `netsh dhcpclient' context.
dnsclient      - Changes to the `netsh dnsclient' context.
dump           - Displays a configuration script.
exec           - Runs a script file.
firewall       - Changes to the `netsh firewall' context.
help           - Displays a list of commands.
http           - Changes to the `netsh http' context.
interface      - Changes to the `netsh interface' context.
ipsec          - Changes to the `netsh ipsec' context.
lan            - Changes to the `netsh lan' context.
mbn            - Changes to the `netsh mbn' context.
namespace      - Changes to the `netsh namespace' context.
nap            - Changes to the `netsh nap' context.
netio          - Changes to the `netsh netio' context.
p2p            - Changes to the `netsh p2p' context.
ras            - Changes to the `netsh ras' context.
rpc            - Changes to the `netsh rpc' context.
set            - Updates configuration settings.
show           - Displays information.
trace          - Changes to the `netsh trace' context.
wcn            - Changes to the `netsh wcn' context.
wfp            - Changes to the `netsh wfp' context.
winhttp        - Changes to the `netsh winhttp' context.
winsock        - Changes to the `netsh winsock' context.
wlan           - Changes to the `netsh wlan' context.

The following sub-contexts are available:
 advfirewall branchcache bridge dhcpclient dnsclient firewall http interface ipsec lan mbn namespace nap netio p2p ras rpc trace wcn wfp winhttp winsock wlan

To view help for a command, type the command, followed by a space, and then
 type ?.

Displays protocol statistics and current TCP/IP network connections.

NETSTAT [-a] [-b] [-e] [-f] [-n] [-o] [-p proto] [-r] [-s] [-x] [-t] [interval]

  -a            Displays all connections and listening ports.
  -b            Displays the executable involved in creating each connection or
                listening port. In some cases well-known executables host
                multiple independent components, and in these cases the
                sequence of components involved in creating the connection
                or listening port is displayed. In this case the executable
                name is in [] at the bottom, on top is the component it called,
                and so forth until TCP/IP was reached. Note that this option
                can be time-consuming and will fail unless you have sufficient
                permissions.
  -e            Displays Ethernet statistics. This may be combined with the -s
                option.
  -f            Displays Fully Qualified Domain Names (FQDN) for foreign
                addresses.
  -n            Displays addresses and port numbers in numerical form.
  -o            Displays the owning process ID associated with each connection.
  -p proto      Shows connections for the protocol specified by proto; proto
                may be any of: TCP, UDP, TCPv6, or UDPv6.  If used with the -s
                option to display per-protocol statistics, proto may be any of:
                IP, IPv6, ICMP, ICMPv6, TCP, TCPv6, UDP, or UDPv6.
  -r            Displays the routing table.
  -s            Displays per-protocol statistics.  By default, statistics are
                shown for IP, IPv6, ICMP, ICMPv6, TCP, TCPv6, UDP, and UDPv6;
                the -p option may be used to specify a subset of the default.
  -t            Displays the current connection offload state.
  -x            Displays NetworkDirect connections, listeners, and shared
                endpoints.
  -y            Displays the TCP connection template for all connections.
                Cannot be combined with the other options.
  interval      Redisplays selected statistics, pausing interval seconds
                between each display.  Press CTRL+C to stop redisplaying
                statistics.  If omitted, netstat will print the current
                configuration information once.

Loads country-specific information.

NLSFUNC [[drive:][path]filename]

  [drive:][path]filename   Specifies the file containing country-specific
                           information.

Usage: nltest [/OPTIONS]


    /SERVER:<ServerName> - Specify <ServerName>

    /QUERY - Query <ServerName> netlogon service
    /REPL - Force partial sync on <ServerName> BDC
    /SYNC - Force full sync on <ServerName> BDC
    /PDC_REPL - Force UAS change message from <ServerName> PDC

    /SC_QUERY:<DomainName> - Query secure channel for <Domain> on <ServerName>
    /SC_RESET:<DomainName>[\<DcName>] - Reset secure channel for <Domain> on <ServerName> to <DcName>
    /SC_VERIFY:<DomainName> - Verify secure channel for <Domain> on <ServerName>
    /SC_CHANGE_PWD:<DomainName> - Change a secure channel  password for <Domain> on <ServerName>
    /DCLIST:<DomainName> - Get list of DC's for <DomainName>
    /DCNAME:<DomainName> - Get the PDC name for <DomainName>
    /DSGETDC:<DomainName> - Call DsGetDcName /PDC /DS /DSP /GC /KDC
        /TIMESERV /GTIMESERV /WS /NETBIOS /DNS /IP /FORCE /WRITABLE /AVOIDSELF /LDAPONLY /BACKG /DS_6 /DS_8
        /TRY_NEXT_CLOSEST_SITE /SITE:<SiteName> /ACCOUNT:<AccountName> /RET_DNS /RET_NETBIOS
    /DNSGETDC:<DomainName> - Call DsGetDcOpen/Next/Close /PDC /GC
        /KDC /WRITABLE /LDAPONLY /FORCE /SITESPEC
    /DSGETFTI:<DomainName> - Call DsGetForestTrustInformation
        /UPDATE_TDO
    /DSGETSITE - Call DsGetSiteName
    /DSGETSITECOV - Call DsGetDcSiteCoverage
    /DSADDRESSTOSITE:[MachineName] - Call DsAddressToSiteNamesEx
        /ADDRESSES:<Address1,Address2,...>
    /PARENTDOMAIN - Get the name of the parent domain of this machine
    /WHOWILL:<Domain>* <User> [<Iteration>] - See if <Domain> will log on <User>
    /FINDUSER:<User> - See which trusted domain will log on <User>
    /TRANSPORT_NOTIFY - Notify netlogon of new transport

    /DBFLAG:<HexFlags> - New debug flag

    /USER:<UserName> - Query User info on <ServerName>

    /TIME:<Hex LSL> <Hex MSL> - Convert NT GMT time to ascii
    /LOGON_QUERY - Query number of cumulative logon attempts
    /DOMAIN_TRUSTS - Query domain trusts on <ServerName>
        /PRIMARY /FOREST /DIRECT_OUT /DIRECT_IN /ALL_TRUSTS /V
    /DSREGDNS - Force registration of all DC-specific DNS records
    /DSDEREGDNS:<DnsHostName> - Deregister DC-specific DNS records for specified DC
        /DOM:<DnsDomainName> /DOMGUID:<DomainGuid> /DSAGUID:<DsaGuid>
    /DSQUERYDNS - Query the status of the last update for all DC-specific DNS records

    /BDC_QUERY:<DomainName> - Query replication status of BDCs for <DomainName>

    /LIST_DELTAS:<FileName> - display the content of given change log file 

    /CDIGEST:<Message> /DOMAIN:<DomainName> - Get client digest
    /SDIGEST:<Message> /RID:<RID in hex> - Get server digest

    /SHUTDOWN:<Reason> [<Seconds>] - Shutdown <ServerName> for <Reason>
    /SHUTDOWN_ABORT - Abort a system shutdown

Usage:
   nslookup [-opt ...]             # interactive mode using default server
   nslookup [-opt ...] - server    # interactive mode using 'server'
   nslookup [-opt ...] host        # just look up 'host' using default server
   nslookup [-opt ...] host server # just look up 'host' using 'server'

OPENFILES

OPENFILES /parameter [arguments]

Description:
    Enables an administrator to list or disconnect files and folders
    that have been opened on a system.

Parameter List:
    /Disconnect      Disconnects one or more open files.

    /Query           Displays files opened locally or from shared
                     folders.

    /Local           Enables / Disables the display of local open files.

    /?               Displays this help message.

Examples:
    OPENFILES /Disconnect /?
    OPENFILES /Query /?
    OPENFILES /Local /?

PATH

Displays or sets a search path for executable files.

PATH [[drive:]path[;...][;%PATH%]
PATH ;

Type PATH ; to clear all search-path settings and direct cmd.exe to search
only in the current directory.
Type PATH without parameters to display the current path.
Including %PATH% in the new path setting causes the old path to be
appended to the new setting.

Usage: pathping [-g host-list] [-h maximum_hops] [-i address] [-n] 
                [-p period] [-q num_queries] [-w timeout] 
                [-4] [-6] target_name

Options:
    -g host-list     Loose source route along host-list.
    -h maximum_hops  Maximum number of hops to search for target.
    -i address       Use the specified source address. 
    -n               Do not resolve addresses to hostnames.
    -p period        Wait period milliseconds between pings.
    -q num_queries   Number of queries per hop.
    -w timeout       Wait timeout milliseconds for each reply.
    -4               Force using IPv4.
    -6               Force using IPv6.

PAUSE

Suspends processing of a batch program and displays the message
    Press any key to continue . . . 

Usage: ping [-t] [-a] [-n count] [-l size] [-f] [-i TTL] [-v TOS]
            [-r count] [-s count] [[-j host-list] | [-k host-list]]
            [-w timeout] [-R] [-S srcaddr] [-4] [-6] target_name

Options:
    -t             Ping the specified host until stopped.
                   To see statistics and continue - type Control-Break;
                   To stop - type Control-C.
    -a             Resolve addresses to hostnames.
    -n count       Number of echo requests to send.
    -l size        Send buffer size.
    -f             Set Don't Fragment flag in packet (IPv4-only).
    -i TTL         Time To Live.
    -v TOS         Type Of Service (IPv4-only. This setting has been deprecated
                   and has no effect on the type of service field in the IP Header).
    -r count       Record route for count hops (IPv4-only).
    -s count       Timestamp for count hops (IPv4-only).
    -j host-list   Loose source route along host-list (IPv4-only).
    -k host-list   Strict source route along host-list (IPv4-only).
    -w timeout     Timeout in milliseconds to wait for each reply.
    -R             Use routing header to test reverse route also (IPv6-only).
                   Per RFC 5095 the use of this routing header has been
                   deprecated. Some systems may drop echo requests if 
                   this header is used.
    -S srcaddr     Source address to use.
    -4             Force using IPv4.
    -6             Force using IPv6.

Microsoft PnP Utility
Usage:
------
pnputil.exe [-f | -i] [ -? | -a | -d | -e ] <INF name> 
Examples:
pnputil.exe -a a:\usbcam\USBCAM.INF      -> Add package specified by USBCAM.INF
pnputil.exe -a c:\drivers\*.inf          -> Add all packages in c:\drivers\
pnputil.exe -i -a a:\usbcam\USBCAM.INF   -> Add and install driver package
pnputil.exe -e                           -> Enumerate all 3rd party packages
pnputil.exe -d oem0.inf                  -> Delete package oem0.inf
pnputil.exe -f -d oem0.inf               -> Force delete package oem0.inf
pnputil.exe -?                           -> This usage screen

POPD

Changes to the directory stored by the PUSHD command.

POPD


If Command Extensions are enabled the POPD command will delete
any temporary drive letter created by PUSHD when you POPD that
drive off the pushed directory stack.

POWERCFG /COMMAND [ARGUMENTS]

Description:
  Enables users to control power settings on a local system.

  For detailed command and option information, run "POWERCFG /? <COMMAND>"

Command List:
  /LIST, /L          Lists all power schemes.

  /QUERY, /Q         Displays the contents of a power scheme.

  /CHANGE, /X        Modifies a setting value in the current power scheme.

  /CHANGENAME        Modifies the name and description of a power scheme.

  /DUPLICATESCHEME   Duplicates a power scheme.

  /DELETE, /D        Deletes a power scheme.

  /DELETESETTING     Deletes a power setting.

  /SETACTIVE, /S     Makes a power scheme active on the system.

  /GETACTIVESCHEME   Retrieves the currently active power scheme.

  /SETACVALUEINDEX   Sets the value associated with a power setting
                     while the system is powered by AC power.

  /SETDCVALUEINDEX   Sets the value associated with a power setting
                     while the system is powered by DC power.

  /IMPORT            Imports all power settings from a file.

  /EXPORT            Exports a power scheme to a file.

  /ALIASES           Displays all aliases and their corresponding GUIDs.

  /GETSECURITYDESCRIPTOR
                     Gets a security descriptor associated with a specified
                     power setting, power scheme, or action.

  /SETSECURITYDESCRIPTOR
                     Sets a security descriptor associated with a
                     power setting, power scheme, or action.

  /HIBERNATE, /H     Enables and disables the hibernate feature.

  /AVAILABLESLEEPSTATES, /A
                     Reports the sleep states available on the system.

  /DEVICEQUERY       Returns a list of devices that meet specified criteria.

  /DEVICEENABLEWAKE  Enables a device to wake the system from a sleep state.

  /DEVICEDISABLEWAKE Disables a device from waking the system from a sleep
                     state.

  /LASTWAKE          Reports information about what woke the system from the
                     last sleep transition.

  /WAKETIMERS        Enumerates active wake timers.

  /REQUESTS          Enumerates application and driver Power Requests.

  /REQUESTSOVERRIDE  Sets a Power Request override for a particular Process,
                     Service, or Driver.

  /ENERGY            Analyzes the system for common energy-efficiency and
                     battery life problems.

  /BATTERYREPORT     Generates a report of battery usage.

PRINT

Prints a text file.

PRINT [/D:device] [[drive:][path]filename[...]]

   /D:device   Specifies a print device.

PROMPT

Changes the cmd.exe command prompt.

PROMPT [text]

  text    Specifies a new command prompt.

Prompt can be made up of normal characters and the following special codes:

  $A   & (Ampersand)
  $B   | (pipe)
  $C   ( (Left parenthesis)
  $D   Current date
  $E   Escape code (ASCII code 27)
  $F   ) (Right parenthesis)
  $G   > (greater-than sign)
  $H   Backspace (erases previous character)
  $L   < (less-than sign)
  $N   Current drive
  $P   Current drive and path
  $Q   = (equal sign)
  $S     (space)
  $T   Current time
  $V   Windows version number
  $_   Carriage return and linefeed
  $$   $ (dollar sign)

If Command Extensions are enabled the PROMPT command supports
the following additional formatting characters:

  $+   zero or more plus sign (+) characters depending upon the
       depth of the PUSHD directory stack, one character for each
       level pushed.

  $M   Displays the remote name associated with the current drive
       letter or the empty string if current drive is not a network
       drive.

PsExec v1.98 - Execute processes remotely
Copyright (C) 2001-2010 Mark Russinovich
Sysinternals - www.sysinternals.com

PsExec executes a program on a remote system, where remotely executed console
applications execute interactively.

Usage: psexec [\\computer[,computer2[,...] | @file]][-u user [-p psswd][-n s][-l][-s|-e][-x][-i [session]][-c [-f|-v]][-w directory][-d][-<priority>][-a n,n,...] cmd [arguments]
     -a         Separate processors on which the application can run with
                commas where 1 is the lowest numbered CPU. For example,
                to run the application on CPU 2 and CPU 4, enter:
                "-a 2,4"
     -c         Copy the specified program to the remote system for
                execution. If you omit this option the application
                must be in the system path on the remote system.
     -d         Don't wait for process to terminate (non-interactive).
     -e         Does not load the specified account's profile.
     -f         Copy the specified program even if the file already
                exists on the remote system.
     -i         Run the program so that it interacts with the desktop of the
                specified session on the remote system. If no session is
                specified the process runs in the console session.
     -h         If the target system is Vista or higher, has the process
                run with the account's elevated token, if available.
     -l         Run process as limited user (strips the Administrators group
                and allows only privileges assigned to the Users group).
                On Windows Vista the process runs with Low Integrity.
     -n         Specifies timeout in seconds connecting to remote computers.
     -p         Specifies optional password for user name. If you omit this
                you will be prompted to enter a hidden password.
     -s         Run the remote process in the System account.
     -u         Specifies optional user name for login to remote
                computer.
     -v         Copy the specified file only if it has a higher version number
                or is newer on than the one on the remote system.
     -w         Set the working directory of the process (relative to
                remote computer).
     -x         Display the UI on the Winlogon secure desktop (local system
                only).
     -priority	Specifies -low, -belownormal, -abovenormal, -high or
                -realtime to run the process at a different priority. Use
                -background to run at low memory and I/O priority on Vista.
     computer   Direct PsExec to run the application on the remote
                computer or computers specified. If you omit the computer
                name PsExec runs the application on the local system, 
                and if you specify a wildcard (\\*), PsExec runs the
                command on all computers in the current domain.
     @file      PsExec will execute the command on each of the computers listed
                in the file.
     program    Name of application to execute.
     arguments  Arguments to pass (note that file paths must be
                absolute paths on the target system).

You can enclose applications that have spaces in their name with
quotation marks e.g. psexec \\marklap "c:\long name app.exe".
Input is only passed to the remote system when you press the enter
key, and typing Ctrl-C terminates the remote process.

If you omit a user name the process will run in the context of your
account on the remote system, but will not have access to network
resources (because it is impersonating). Specify a valid user name
in the Domain\User syntax if the remote process requires access
to network resources or to run in a different account. Note that
the password is transmitted in clear text to the remote system.

Error codes returned by PsExec are specific to the applications you
execute, not PsExec.

psfile v1.02 - psfile
Copyright © 2001 Mark Russinovich
Sysinternals

PsFile lists or closes files opened remotely.

Usage: PSFILE [\\RemoteComputer [-u Username [-p Password]]] [[Id | path] [-c]]
     -u        Specifies optional user name for login to
               remote computer.
     -p        Specifies password for user name.
     Id        Id of file to print information for or close.
     Path      Full or partial path of files to match.
     -c        Closes file identified by file Id.
Omitting a file identifier has PsFile list all files opened remotely.

PsGetSid v1.44 - Translates SIDs to names and vice versa
Copyright (C) 1999-2008 Mark Russinovich
Sysinternals - www.sysinternals.com


Usage: PSGETSID [\\computer[,computer2[,...] | @file] [-u Username [-p Password]]] [account | SID]
     -u         Specifies optional user name for login to
                remote computer.
     -p         Specifies optional password for user name. If you omit this
                you will be prompted to enter a hidden password.
     account    PsGetSid will report the SID for the specified user account
                rather than the computer.
     SID        PsGetSid will report the account for the specified SID.
     computer   Direct PsGetSid to perform the command on the remote
                computer or computers specified. If you omit the computer
                name PsGetSid runs the command on the local system, 
                and if you specify a wildcard (\\*), PsGetSid runs the
                command on all computers in the current domain.
     @file      PsGetSid will execute the command on each of the computers listed
                in the file.

PsInfo v1.77 - Local and remote system information viewer
Copyright (C) 2001-2009 Mark Russinovich
Sysinternals - www.sysinternals.com

PsInfo returns information about a local or remote Windows NT/2000/XP system.

Usage: psinfo [-h] [-s] [-d] [-c [-t delimiter]] [filter] [\\computer[,computer[,..]]|@file [-u Username [-p Password]]]
     -u        Specifies optional user name for login to
               remote computer.
     -p        Specifies password for user name.
     -h        Show installed hotfixes.
     -s        Show installed software.
     -d        Show disk volume information.
     -c        Print in CSV format
     -t        The default delimiter for the -c option is a comma,
               but can be overriden with the specified character. Use
               "\t" to specify tab.
     filter    Psinfo will only show data for the field matching the filter.
               e.g. "psinfo service" lists only the service pack field.
     computer  Direct PsInfo to perform the command on the remote
               computer or computers specified. If you omit the computer
               name PsInfo runs the command on the local system, 
               and if you specify a wildcard (\\*), PsInfo runs the
               command on all computers in the current domain.
     @file     PsInfo will run against the computers listed in the file
               specified.

PsKill v1.15 - Terminates processes on local or remote systems
Copyright (C) 1999-2012  Mark Russinovich
Sysinternals - www.sysinternals.com

Usage: pskill [-t] [\\computer [-u username [-p password]]] <process ID | name>
     -t    Kill the process and its descendants.
     -u    Specifies optional user name for login to
           remote computer.
     -p    Specifies optional password for user name. If you omit this
           you will be prompted to enter a hidden password.

pslist v1.3 - Sysinternals PsList
Copyright (C) 2000-2012 Mark Russinovich
Sysinternals - www.sysinternals.com

Usage: PSLIST [-d][-m][-x][-t][-s [n] [-r n] [\\computer [-u username][-p password][name|pid]
   -d          Show thread detail.
   -m          Show memory detail.
   -x          Show processes, memory information and threads.
   -t          Show process tree.
   -s [n]      Run in task-manager mode, for optional seconds specified.
               Press Escape to abort.
   -r n        Task-manager mode refresh rate in seconds (default is 1).
   \\computer  Specifies remote computer.
   -u          Optional user name for remote login.
   -p          Optional password for remote login. If you don't present
               on the command line pslist will prompt you for it if necessary.
   name        Show information about processes that begin with the name
               specified.
   -e          Exact match the process name.
   pid         Show information about specified process.

All memory values are displayed in KB.
Abbreviation key:
   Pri         Priority
   Thd         Number of Threads
   Hnd         Number of Handles
   VM          Virtual Memory
   WS          Working Set
   Priv        Private Virtual Memory
   Priv Pk     Private Virtual Memory Peak
   Faults      Page Faults
   NonP        Non-Paged Pool
   Page        Paged Pool
   Cswtch      Context Switches

PsLoggedon v1.34 - See who's logged on
Copyright (C) 2000-2010 Mark Russinovich
Sysinternals - www.sysinternals.com

Usage: PSLOGGEDON [-l] [-x] [\\computername]
    or PSLOGGEDON [username]
-l     Show only local logons
-x     Don't show logon times

PsLoglist v2.71 - local and remote event log viewer
Copyright (C) 2000-2009 Mark Russinovich
Sysinternals - www.sysinternals.com

PsLogList dumps event logs on a local or remote NT system.

Usage: psloglist [\\computer[,computer2[,...] | @file] [-u username [-p password]]] [-s [-t delimiter]] [-m #|-n #|-d #|-h #|-w][-c][-x][-r][-a mm/dd/yy][-b mm/dd/yy] [-f filter] [-i ID,[ID,...]] | -e ID,[ID,...]] [-o event source[,event source[,...]]] [-q event source[,event source[,...]]] [[-g|-l] event log file] <event log>
     @file     Psloglist will execute the command on each of the computers
               listed in the file.
     -a        Dump records timestamped after specified date.
     -b        Dump records timestamped before specified date.
     -c        Clear event log after displaying.
     -d        Only display records from previous n days.
     -e        Exclude events with the specified ID or IDs (up to 10).
     -f        Filter event types, using starting letter
               (e.g. "-f we" to filter warnings and errors).
     -g        Export an event log as an evt file.
     -h        Only display records from previous n hours.
     -i        Show only events with the specified ID or IDs (up to 10).
     -l        Dump the contents of the specified saved event log file.
     -m        Only display records from previous n minutes.
     -n        Only display n most recent records.
     -o        Show only records from the specified event source or sources
               (e.g. "-o cdrom"). Append '*' to specify substring match.
     -p        Specifies password for user name.
     -q        Omit records from the specified event source or sources
               (e.g. "-q cdrom").
               Append '*' to specify substring match.
     -r        Dump log from least recent to most recent.
     -s        Records are listed on one line each with delimited
               fields, which is convenient for string searches.
     -t        The default delimiter for the -s option is a comma,
               but can be overriden with the specified character. Use "\t"
               to specify tab.
     -u        Specifies optional user name for login to
               remote computer.
     -w        Wait for new events, dumping them as they generate (local system
               only.)
     -x        Dump extended data.
     -z        List event logs registered on specified system.
     eventlog  Specifies event log to dump. Default is system. If the
               -l switch is present then the event log name specifies
               how to interpret the event log file.

PsPasswd v1.23 - Local and remote password changer
Copyright (C) 2003-2010 Mark Russinovich
Sysinternals - www.sysinternals.com

PsPasswd changes passwords on a local or remote system.

Usage for local accounts:
  pspasswd [\\[computer[,computer,[,...]]|@file] [-u Username [-p Password]]]
      Account [NewPassword]
Usage for domain accounts:
  pspasswd Domain\Account [NewPassword]

     computer    Computer or computers on which the local account exists. If
                 you omit the computer name, the local computer is assumed.
                 If you specify a wildcard (\\*), PsPasswd runs the
                 command on all computers in the current domain or workgroup.
     @file       PsPasswd will change the password on the computers listed
                 in the file.
     -u          Specifies optional user name for login to remote computer.
     -p          Specifies optional password for user name. If you omit this
                 you will be prompted to enter a hidden password.
     Domain      Specifies name of the domain of the target account.
     Account     Specifies name of the account for password change.
     NewPassword New password. If omitted a NULL password is applied.

PsService v2.24 - Service information and configuration utility
Copyright (C) 2001-2010 Mark Russinovich
Sysinternals - www.sysinternals.com

PsService lists or controls services on a local or remote system.

Usage: PSSERVICE [\\Computer [-u Username [-p Password]]] <cmd> <optns>
Cmd is one of the following:
   query      Queries the status of a service
   config     Queries the configuration
   setconfig  Sets the configuration
   start      Starts a service
   stop       Stops a service
   restart    Stops and then restarts a service
   pause      Pauses a service
   cont       Continues a paused service
   depend     Enumerates the services that depend on the one specified
   find       Searches for an instance of a service on the network
   security   Reports the security permissions assigned to a service
Use the username and password to log into the remote computer in cases where
your account does not have permissions to perform the action you specify.

Omitting a command queries the active services on the specified computer.
Enter -? for help on a particular command.

PsShutdown v2.52 - Shutdown, logoff and power manage local and remote systems
Copyright (C) 1999-2006 Mark Russinovich
Sysinternals - www.sysinternals.com

usage:
psshutdown -s|-r|-h|-d|-k|-a|-l|-o [-f] [-c] [-t [nn|h:m]] [-v nn] [-e [u|p]:xx:yy] [-m "message"] [-u Username [-p password]] [-n s] [\\computer[,computer[,...]|@file]
   -a          Abort a shutdown (only possible while countdown is in progress)
   -c          Allow the shutdown to be aborted by the interactive user
   -d          Suspend the computer
   -e          Shutdown reason code (available on Windows XP and higher).
               Specify 'u' for unplanned and 'p' for planned
               shutdown reason codes.
               xx is the major reason code (must be less than 256)
               yy is the minor reason code (must be less than 65536)
   -f          Forces running applications to close
   -h          Hibernate the computer
   -k          Poweroff the computer (reboot if poweroff is not supported)
   -l          Lock the computer
   -m          Message to display to logged on users
   -n          Specifies timeout in seconds connecting to remote computers
   -o          Logoff the console user
   -p          Specifies optional password for user name. If you omit this
               you will be prompted to enter a hidden password.
   -r          Reboot after shutdown
   -s          Shutdown without poweroff
   -t          Specifies countdown in seconds until shutdown (default is 20) or
               the time of shutdown (in 24 hour notation)
   -u          Specifies optional user name for login to remote
               computer.
   -v          Display message for the specified number of seconds before
               the shutdown. If you omit this parameter the shutdown
               notification dialog displays and specifying a value of 0
               omits the dialog.
   computer    Shutdown the computer or computers specified
   @file       Shutdown the computers listed in the file specified


Reasons defined on this computer (U = unplanned, P = planned):
Type   Major   Minor   Title
  U      0       0     Other (Unplanned)
  P      0       0     Other (Planned)
  U      1       1     Hardware: Maintenance (Unplanned)
  P      1       1     Hardware: Maintenance (Planned)
  U      1       2     Hardware: Installation (Unplanned)
  P      1       2     Hardware: Installation (Planned)
  U      2       2     Operating System: Recovery (Planned)
  P      2       2     Operating System: Recovery (Planned)
  P      2       3     Operating System: Upgrade (Planned)
  U      2       4     Operating System: Reconfiguration (Unplanned)
  P      2       4     Operating System: Reconfiguration (Planned)
  P      2      16     Operating System: Service pack (Planned)
  U      2      17     Operating System: Hot fix (Unplanned)
  P      2      17     Operating System: Hot fix (Planned)
  U      2      18     Operating System: Security fix (Unplanned)
  P      2      18     Operating System: Security fix (Planned)
  U      4       1     Application: Maintenance (Unplanned)
  P      4       1     Application: Maintenance (Planned)
  P      4       2     Application: Installation (Planned)
  U      4       5     Application: Unresponsive
  U      4       6     Application: Unstable
  U      5      19     Security issue (Unplanned)
  P      5      19     Security issue (Planned)
  U      5      20     Loss of network connectivity (Unplanned)
  P      7       0     Legacy API shutdown

PsSuspend v1.06 - Process Suspender
Copyright © 2001-2003 Mark Russinovich
Sysinternals

PsSuspend suspends or resumes processes on a local or remote NT system.

Usage: pssuspend [-r] [\\RemoteComputer [-u Username [-p Password]]] <process Id or name>
     -r    Resume.
     -u    Specifies optional user name for login to
           remote computer.
     -p    Specifies optional password for user name. If you omit this
           you will be prompted to enter a hidden password.

PUSHD

Stores the current directory for use by the POPD command, then
changes to the specified directory.

PUSHD [path | ..]

  path        Specifies the directory to make the current directory.

If Command Extensions are enabled the PUSHD command accepts
network paths in addition to the normal drive letter and path.
If a network path is specified, PUSHD will create a temporary
drive letter that points to that specified network resource and
then change the current drive and directory, using the newly
defined drive letter.  Temporary drive letters are allocated from
Z: on down, using the first unused drive letter found.

Displays the available Remote Desktop Session Host servers on the network.

QUERY TERMSERVER [servername] [/DOMAIN:domain] [/ADDRESS] [/CONTINUE]

  servername      Identifies a Remote Desktop Session Host server.
  /DOMAIN:domain  Displays information for the specified domain (defaults 
                  to the current domain).
  /ADDRESS        Displays network and node addresses.
  /CONTINUE       Does not pause after each screen of information.

Displays information about processes.

QUERY PROCESS [* | processid | username | sessionname | /ID:nn | programname]
  [/SERVER:servername]

  *                  Display all visible processes.
  processid          Display process specified by processid.
  username           Display all processes belonging to username.
  sessionname        Display all processes running at sessionname.
  /ID:nn             Display all processes running at session nn.
  programname        Display all processes associated with programname.
  /SERVER:servername The Remote Desktop Session Host server to be queried.

QUERY { PROCESS | SESSION | TERMSERVER | USER }

Display information about users logged on to the system.

QUERY USER [username | sessionname | sessionid] [/SERVER:servername]

  username            Identifies the username.
  sessionname         Identifies the session named sessionname.
  sessionid           Identifies the session with ID sessionid.
  /SERVER:servername  The server to be queried (default is current).

Display information about Remote Desktop Services sessions.

QUERY SESSION [sessionname | username | sessionid]
              [/SERVER:servername] [/MODE] [/FLOW] [/CONNECT] [/COUNTER] [/VM]

  sessionname         Identifies the session named sessionname.
  username            Identifies the session with user username.
  sessionid           Identifies the session with ID sessionid.
  /SERVER:servername  The server to be queried (default is current).
  /MODE               Display current line settings.
  /FLOW               Display current flow control settings.
  /CONNECT            Display current connect settings.
  /COUNTER            Display current Remote Desktop Services counters information.
  /VM                 Display information about sessions within virtual machines.

USAGE:
	RASDIAL entryname [username [password|*]] [/DOMAIN:domain]
		[/PHONE:phonenumber] [/CALLBACK:callbacknumber]
		[/PHONEBOOK:phonebookfile] [/PREFIXSUFFIX]

	RASDIAL [entryname] /DISCONNECT

	RASDIAL

	Please refer to our privacy statement at 
	'http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=190175'

RD

Removes (deletes) a directory.

RMDIR [/S] [/Q] [drive:]path
RD [/S] [/Q] [drive:]path

    /S      Removes all directories and files in the specified directory
            in addition to the directory itself.  Used to remove a directory
            tree.

    /Q      Quiet mode, do not ask if ok to remove a directory tree with /S

Configures the Windows Recovery Environment (Windows RE) and system reset.

REAGENTC.EXE <command> <arguments>

The following commands can be specified:

  /info             - Displays Windows RE and system reset configuration
                      infomration.
  /setreimage       - Sets the location of the custom Windows RE image.
  /enable           - Enables Windows RE.
  /disable          - Disabled Windows RE.
  /boottore         - Configures the system to start Windows RE next time the
                      system starts up.
  /setosimage       - Sets the location of the recovery image used by system
                      reset.
  /setbootshelllink - Adds an entry to the Reset and Restore page in the boot
                      menu.

For more information about these commands and their arguments, type
REAGENTC.EXE <command> /?.

  Examples:
    REAGENTC.EXE /setreimage /?
    REAGENTC.EXE /disable /?

REAGENTC.EXE: Operation Successful.
    

Configures the recovery image Windows uses to refresh your PC.

RECIMG.EXE <command> <arguments>

The recimg.exe command line tool lets you configure a custom recovery image 
for Windows to use when you refresh your PC. When you create a custom 
recovery image, it will contain the desktop apps you've installed, and the 
Windows system files in their current state. Recovery images do not contain 
your documents, personal settings, user profiles, or apps from Windows Store,
because that information is preserved at the time you refresh your PC.

When you create a custom recovery image, recimg will store it in the 
specified directory, and set it as the active recovery image. If a custom 
recovery image is set as the active recovery image, Windows will use it when
you refresh your PC. You can use the /setcurrent and /deregister options to
select which recovery image Windows will use. All recovery images have the 
filename CustomRefresh.wim. If no CustomRefresh.wim file is found in the 
active recovery image directory, Windows will fall back to the default image 
(or to installation media) when you refresh your PC.

Note that you cannot reset your PC using a custom recovery image. Custom
recovery images can only be used to refresh your PC.

The following commands can be specified:


	/createimage <directory>
	Captures a new custom recovery image in the location specified by
	<directory>, and sets it as the active recovery image.


	/setcurrent <directory>
	Sets the active recovery image to the CustomRefresh.wim file in the 
	location specified by <directory>. Windows will use this image when you
	refresh your PC, even if a recovery image provided by your PC's 
	manufacturer is present.


	/deregister
	Deregisters the current custom recovery image. If a recovery image
	provided by your PC's manufacturer is present, Windows will use that
	image when you refresh your PC. Otherwise, Windows will use your
	installation media when you refresh your PC.


	/showcurrent
 	Displays the path to the directory in which the current active recovery
	image is stored.


	/help, /?
	Displays this help text.

RECOVER

Recovers readable information from a bad or defective disk.

RECOVER [drive:][path]filename
Consult the online Command Reference in Windows Help
before using the RECOVER command.

REG Operation [Parameter List]

  Operation  [ QUERY   | ADD    | DELETE  | COPY    |
               SAVE    | LOAD   | UNLOAD  | RESTORE |
               COMPARE | EXPORT | IMPORT  | FLAGS ]

Return Code: (Except for REG COMPARE)

  0 - Successful
  1 - Failed

For help on a specific operation type:

  REG Operation /?

Examples:

  REG QUERY /?
  REG ADD /?
  REG DELETE /?
  REG COPY /?
  REG SAVE /?
  REG RESTORE /?
  REG LOAD /?
  REG UNLOAD /?
  REG COMPARE /?
  REG EXPORT /?
  REG IMPORT /?
  REG FLAGS /?

usage: REGINI [-m \\machinename | -h hivefile hiveroot]
              [-i n] [-o outputWidth]
              [-b] textFiles...

where: -m specifies a remote Windows NT machine whose registry is to be manipulated.
       -h specifies a specify local hive to manipulate.
       -i n specifies the display indentation multiple.  Default is 4
       -o outputWidth specifies how wide the output is to be.  By default the
          outputWidth is set to the width of the console window if standard
          output has not been redirected to a file.  In the latter case, an
          outputWidth of 240 is used.

       -b specifies that REGINI should be backward compatible with older
           versions of REGINI that did not strictly enforce line continuations
           and quoted strings Specifically, REG_BINARY, REG_RESOURCE_LIST and
           REG_RESOURCE_REQUIREMENTS_LIST data types did not need line
           continuations after the first number that gave the size of the data.
           It just kept looking on following lines until it found enough data
           values to equal the data length or hit invalid input.  Quoted
           strings were only allowed in REG_MULTI_SZ.  They could not be
           specified around key or value names, or around values for REG_SZ or
           REG_EXPAND_SZ  Finally, the old REGINI did not support the semicolon
           as an end of line comment character.
       
       textFiles is one or more ANSI or Unicode text files with registry data.
       
       Some general rules are:
           Semicolon character is an end-of-line comment character, provided it
           is the first non-blank character on a line
       
           Backslash character is a line continuation character.  All
           characters from the backslash up to but not including the first
           non-blank character of the next line are ignored.  If there is more
           than one space before the line continuation character, it is
           replaced by a single space.
       
           Indentation is used to indicate the tree structure of registry keys
           The REGDMP program uses indentation in multiples of 4.  You may use
           hard tab characters for indentation, but embedded hard tab
           characters are converted to a single space regardless of their
           position
           
           Values should come before child keys, as they are associated with
           the previous key at or above the value's indentation level.
       
           For key names, leading and trailing space characters are ignored and
           not included in the key name, unless the key name is surrounded by
           quotes.  Imbedded spaces are part of a key name.
       
           Key names can be followed by an Access Control List (ACL) which is a
           series of decimal numbers, separated by spaces, bracketed by a
           square brackets (e.g.  [8 4 17]).  The valid numbers and their
           meanings are:
       
              1  - Administrators Full Access
              2  - Administrators Read Access
              3  - Administrators Read and Write Access
              4  - Administrators Read, Write and Delete Access
              5  - Creator Full Access
              6  - Creator Read and Write Access
              7  - World Full Access
              8  - World Read Access
              9  - World Read and Write Access
              10 - World Read, Write and Delete Access
              11 - Power Users Full Access
              12 - Power Users Read and Write Access
              13 - Power Users Read, Write and Delete Access
              14 - System Operators Full Access
              15 - System Operators Read and Write Access
              16 - System Operators Read, Write and Delete Access
              17 - System Full Access
              18 - System Read and Write Access
              19 - System Read Access
              20 - Administrators Read, Write and Execute Access
              21 - Interactive User Full Access
              22 - Interactive User Read and Write Access
              23 - Interactive User Read, Write and Delete Access
       
           If there is an equal sign on the same line as a left square bracket
           then the equal sign takes precedence, and the line is treated as a
           registry value.  If the text between the square brackets is the
           string DELETE with no spaces, then REGINI will delete the key and
           any values and keys under it.
       
           For registry values, the syntax is:
       
              value Name = type data
       
           Leading spaces, spaces on either side of the equal sign and spaces
           between the type keyword and data are ignored, unless the value name
           is surrounded by quotes.  If the text to the right of the equal sign
           is the string DELETE, then REGINI will delete the value.
       
           The value name may be left off or be specified by an at-sign
           character which is the same thing, namely the empty value name.  So
           the following two lines are identical:
       
              = type data
              @ = type data
       
           This syntax means that you can't create a value with leading or
           trailing spaces, an equal sign or an at-sign in the value name,
           unless you put the name in quotes.
       
           Valid value types and format of data that follows are:
       
              REG_SZ text
              REG_EXPAND_SZ text
              REG_MULTI_SZ "string1" "str""ing2" ...
              REG_DATE mm/dd/yyyy HH:MM DayOfWeek
              REG_DWORD numberDWORD
              REG_BINARY numberOfBytes numberDWORD(s)...
              REG_NONE (same format as REG_BINARY)
              REG_RESOURCE_LIST (same format as REG_BINARY)
              REG_RESOURCE_REQUIREMENTS (same format as REG_BINARY)
              REG_RESOURCE_REQUIREMENTS_LIST (same format as REG_BINARY)
              REG_FULL_RESOURCE_DESCRIPTOR (same format as REG_BINARY)
              REG_QWORD numberQWORD
              REG_MULTISZ_FILE fileName
              REG_BINARYFILE fileName
       
           If no value type is specified, default is REG_SZ
       
           For REG_SZ and REG_EXPAND_SZ, if you want leading or trailing spaces
           in the value text, surround the text with quotes.  The value text
           can contain any number of imbedded quotes, and REGINI will ignore
           them, as it only looks at the first and last character for quote
           characters.
       
           For REG_MULTI_SZ, each component string is surrounded by quotes.  If
           you want an imbedded quote character, then double quote it, as in
           string2 above.
       
           For REG_BINARY, the value data consists of one or more numbers The
           default base for numbers is decimal.  Hexidecimal may be specified
           by using 0x prefix.  The first number is the number of data bytes,
           excluding the first number.  After the first number must come enough
           numbers to fill the value.  Each number represents one DWORD or 4
           bytes.  So if the first number was 0x5 you would need two more
           numbers after that to fill the 5 bytes.  The high order 3 bytes
           of the second DWORD would be ignored.
       
       Whenever specifying a registry path, either on the command line
       or in an input file, the following prefix strings can be used:
       
            HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE
            HKEY_USERS
            HKEY_CURRENT_USER
            USER:
       
          Each of these strings can stand alone as the key name or be followed
          a backslash and a subkey path.

Registers CIM Provider into system

Usage:  Register-CimProvider.exe
		-Namespace <NamespaceName>
		-ProviderName <ProviderName>
		-Path <ProviderDllPath>
		[-Impersonation <True or False>]
		[-Decoupled <SDDL>]
		[-HostingModel <HostingModel>]
		[-Localize <locale>]
		[-NoAutorecover]
		[-SupportWQL]
		[-GenerateUnregistration]
		[-ForceUpdate]
		[-Verbose]

-Namespace <NamespaceName>
	Specifies the target namespace of the provider.

-ProviderName <ProviderName>
	Specifies the provider name.

-Path <ProviderDllPath>
	Specifies the provider binary path.

-Impersonation <True or False>
	Specifies foldidentity of decoupled provider, by default is True.

-Decoupled <SDDL>
	Registers provider as decoupled and specifies the security descriptor
	that determines the set of users that can successfully register
	the provider.

-HostingModel <HostingModel>
	Specifies the HostingModel of coupled provider.

-Localize <locale>
	Localizes the provider with resource of specified locale.

-NoAutorecover
	Doesn't autorecover the provider.

-SupportWQL
	Passes the query expression to the filter.

-GenerateUnregistration
	Generate the uninstall mof for the registration,
	which is disabled by default.

-ForceUpdate
	Force update the class if it exists in the system.

-Verbose
	Outputs registration log.

Microsoft r Relog.exe (6.2.9200.16384)

Relog creates new performance logs from data in existing performance logs by
changing the sampling rate and/or converting the file format. Supports all
performance log formats, including Windows NT 4.0 compressed logs.

Usage:
RELOG <filename [filename ...]> 
                                [options]

Parameters:
  <filename [filename ...]>     Performance file to relog.

Options:
  -?                            Displays context sensitive help.
  -a                            Append output to the existing binary file.
  -c <path [path ...]>          Counters to filter from the input log.
  -cf <filename>                File listing performance counters to filter
                                from the input log. Default is all counters
                                in the original log file.
  -f <CSV|TSV|BIN|SQL>          Output file format.
  -t <value>                    Only write every nth record into the output
                                file. Default is to write every record.
  -o                            Output file path or SQL database.
  -b <dd-MM-yyyy HH:mm:ss[AM|PM]>   Begin time for the first record to write
                                into the output file.
  -e <dd-MM-yyyy HH:mm:ss[AM|PM]>   End time for the last record to write
                                into the output file.
  -config <filename>            Settings file containing command options.
  -q                            List performance counters in the input file.
  -y                            Answer yes to all questions without prompting.

Examples:
  relog logfile.csv -c "\Processor(_Total)\% Processor Time" -o logfile.blg
  relog logfile.blg -cf counters.txt -f bin
  relog logfile.blg -f csv -o logfile.csv -t 2
  relog logfile.blg -q -o counters.txt

REM

Records comments (remarks) in a batch file or CONFIG.SYS.

REM [comment]

REN

Renames a file or files.

RENAME [drive:][path]filename1 filename2.
REN [drive:][path]filename1 filename2.

Note that you cannot specify a new drive or path for your destination file.

RENAME

Renames a file or files.

RENAME [drive:][path]filename1 filename2.
REN [drive:][path]filename1 filename2.

Note that you cannot specify a new drive or path for your destination file.

REPLACE

Replaces files.

REPLACE [drive1:][path1]filename [drive2:][path2] [/A] [/P] [/R] [/W]
REPLACE [drive1:][path1]filename [drive2:][path2] [/P] [/R] [/S] [/W] [/U]

  [drive1:][path1]filename Specifies the source file or files.
  [drive2:][path2]         Specifies the directory where files are to be
                           replaced.
  /A                       Adds new files to destination directory. Cannot
                           use with /S or /U switches.
  /P                       Prompts for confirmation before replacing a file or
                           adding a source file.
  /R                       Replaces read-only files as well as unprotected
                           files.
  /S                       Replaces files in all subdirectories of the
                           destination directory. Cannot use with the /A
                           switch.
  /W                       Waits for you to insert a disk before beginning.
  /U                       Replaces (updates) only files that are older than
                           source files. Cannot use with the /A switch.

RESET { SESSION }

RMDIR

Removes (deletes) a directory.

RMDIR [/S] [/Q] [drive:]path
RD [/S] [/Q] [drive:]path

    /S      Removes all directories and files in the specified directory
            in addition to the directory itself.  Used to remove a directory
            tree.

    /Q      Quiet mode, do not ask if ok to remove a directory tree with /S

ROBOCOPY

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   ROBOCOPY     ::     Robust File Copy for Windows                              
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  Started : Saturday, 24 November, 2012 22:19:43
              Usage :: ROBOCOPY source destination [file [file]...] [options]

             source :: Source Directory (drive:\path or \\server\share\path).
        destination :: Destination Dir  (drive:\path or \\server\share\path).
               file :: File(s) to copy  (names/wildcards: default is "*.*").

::
:: Copy options :
::
                 /S :: copy Subdirectories, but not empty ones.
                 /E :: copy subdirectories, including Empty ones.
             /LEV:n :: only copy the top n LEVels of the source directory tree.

                 /Z :: copy files in restartable mode.
                 /B :: copy files in Backup mode.
                /ZB :: use restartable mode; if access denied use Backup mode.
                 /J :: copy using unbuffered I/O (recommended for large files).
            /EFSRAW :: copy all encrypted files in EFS RAW mode.

  /COPY:copyflag[s] :: what to COPY for files (default is /COPY:DAT).
                       (copyflags : D=Data, A=Attributes, T=Timestamps).
                       (S=Security=NTFS ACLs, O=Owner info, U=aUditing info).

 
               /SEC :: copy files with SECurity (equivalent to /COPY:DATS).
           /COPYALL :: COPY ALL file info (equivalent to /COPY:DATSOU).
            /NOCOPY :: COPY NO file info (useful with /PURGE).
            /SECFIX :: FIX file SECurity on all files, even skipped files.
            /TIMFIX :: FIX file TIMes on all files, even skipped files.

             /PURGE :: delete dest files/dirs that no longer exist in source.
               /MIR :: MIRror a directory tree (equivalent to /E plus /PURGE).

               /MOV :: MOVe files (delete from source after copying).
              /MOVE :: MOVE files AND dirs (delete from source after copying).

     /A+:[RASHCNET] :: add the given Attributes to copied files.
     /A-:[RASHCNET] :: remove the given Attributes from copied files.

            /CREATE :: CREATE directory tree and zero-length files only.
               /FAT :: create destination files using 8.3 FAT file names only.
               /256 :: turn off very long path (> 256 characters) support.

             /MON:n :: MONitor source; run again when more than n changes seen.
             /MOT:m :: MOnitor source; run again in m minutes Time, if changed.

      /RH:hhmm-hhmm :: Run Hours - times when new copies may be started.
                /PF :: check run hours on a Per File (not per pass) basis.

             /IPG:n :: Inter-Packet Gap (ms), to free bandwidth on slow lines.

                /SL :: copy symbolic links versus the target.

            /MT[:n] :: Do multi-threaded copies with n threads (default 8).
                       n must be at least 1 and not greater than 128.
                       This option is incompatible with the /IPG and /EFSRAW options.
                       Redirect output using /LOG option for better performance.

 /DCOPY:copyflag[s] :: what to COPY for directories (default is /DCOPY:DA).
                       (copyflags : D=Data, A=Attributes, T=Timestamps).

           /NODCOPY :: COPY NO directory info (by default /DCOPY:DA is done).

         /NOOFFLOAD :: copy files without using the Windows Copy Offload mechanism.

::
:: File Selection Options :
::
                 /A :: copy only files with the Archive attribute set.
                 /M :: copy only files with the Archive attribute and reset it.
    /IA:[RASHCNETO] :: Include only files with any of the given Attributes set.
    /XA:[RASHCNETO] :: eXclude files with any of the given Attributes set.

 /XF file [file]... :: eXclude Files matching given names/paths/wildcards.
 /XD dirs [dirs]... :: eXclude Directories matching given names/paths.

                /XC :: eXclude Changed files.
                /XN :: eXclude Newer files.
                /XO :: eXclude Older files.
                /XX :: eXclude eXtra files and directories.
                /XL :: eXclude Lonely files and directories.
                /IS :: Include Same files.
                /IT :: Include Tweaked files.

             /MAX:n :: MAXimum file size - exclude files bigger than n bytes.
             /MIN:n :: MINimum file size - exclude files smaller than n bytes.

          /MAXAGE:n :: MAXimum file AGE - exclude files older than n days/date.
          /MINAGE:n :: MINimum file AGE - exclude files newer than n days/date.
          /MAXLAD:n :: MAXimum Last Access Date - exclude files unused since n.
          /MINLAD:n :: MINimum Last Access Date - exclude files used since n.
                       (If n < 1900 then n = n days, else n = YYYYMMDD date).

                /XJ :: eXclude Junction points. (normally included by default).

               /FFT :: assume FAT File Times (2-second granularity).
               /DST :: compensate for one-hour DST time differences.

               /XJD :: eXclude Junction points for Directories.
               /XJF :: eXclude Junction points for Files.

::
:: Retry Options :
::
               /R:n :: number of Retries on failed copies: default 1 million.
               /W:n :: Wait time between retries: default is 30 seconds.

               /REG :: Save /R:n and /W:n in the Registry as default settings.

               /TBD :: wait for sharenames To Be Defined (retry error 67).

::
:: Logging Options :
::
                 /L :: List only - don't copy, timestamp or delete any files.
                 /X :: report all eXtra files, not just those selected.
                 /V :: produce Verbose output, showing skipped files.
                /TS :: include source file Time Stamps in the output.
                /FP :: include Full Pathname of files in the output.
             /BYTES :: Print sizes as bytes.

                /NS :: No Size - don't log file sizes.
                /NC :: No Class - don't log file classes.
               /NFL :: No File List - don't log file names.
               /NDL :: No Directory List - don't log directory names.

                /NP :: No Progress - don't display percentage copied.
               /ETA :: show Estimated Time of Arrival of copied files.

          /LOG:file :: output status to LOG file (overwrite existing log).
         /LOG+:file :: output status to LOG file (append to existing log).

       /UNILOG:file :: output status to LOG file as UNICODE (overwrite existing log).
      /UNILOG+:file :: output status to LOG file as UNICODE (append to existing log).

               /TEE :: output to console window, as well as the log file.

               /NJH :: No Job Header.
               /NJS :: No Job Summary.

           /UNICODE :: output status as UNICODE.

::
:: Job Options :
::
       /JOB:jobname :: take parameters from the named JOB file.
      /SAVE:jobname :: SAVE parameters to the named job file
              /QUIT :: QUIT after processing command line (to view parameters). 
              /NOSD :: NO Source Directory is specified.
              /NODD :: NO Destination Directory is specified.
                /IF :: Include the following Files.

Manipulates network routing tables.

ROUTE [-f] [-p] [-4|-6] command [destination]
                  [MASK netmask]  [gateway] [METRIC metric]  [IF interface]

  -f           Clears the routing tables of all gateway entries.  If this is
               used in conjunction with one of the commands, the tables are
               cleared prior to running the command.
               
  -p           When used with the ADD command, makes a route persistent across
               boots of the system. By default, routes are not preserved
               when the system is restarted. Ignored for all other commands, 
               which always affect the appropriate persistent routes.
               
  -4	       Force using IPv4.

  -6           Force using IPv6. 
  
  command      One of these:
                 PRINT     Prints  a route
                 ADD       Adds    a route
                 DELETE    Deletes a route
                 CHANGE    Modifies an existing route	
  destination  Specifies the host.
  MASK         Specifies that the next parameter is the 'netmask' value.
  netmask      Specifies a subnet mask value for this route entry.
               If not specified, it defaults to 255.255.255.255.
  gateway      Specifies gateway.
  interface    the interface number for the specified route.
  METRIC       specifies the metric, ie. cost for the destination.

All symbolic names used for destination are looked up in the network database
file NETWORKS. The symbolic names for gateway are looked up in the host name
database file HOSTS.

If the command is PRINT or DELETE. Destination or gateway can be a wildcard,
(wildcard is specified as a star '*'), or the gateway argument may be omitted.

If Dest contains a * or ?, it is treated as a shell pattern, and only
matching destination routes are printed. The '*' matches any string,
and '?' matches any one char. Examples: 157.*.1, 157.*, 127.*, *224*.

Pattern match is only allowed in PRINT command.
Diagnostic Notes:
    Invalid MASK generates an error, that is when (DEST & MASK) != DEST.
    Example> route ADD 157.0.0.0 MASK 155.0.0.0 157.55.80.1 IF 1
             The route addition failed: The specified mask parameter is invalid. (Destination & Mask) != Destination.

Examples:

    > route PRINT
    > route PRINT -4
    > route PRINT -6
    > route PRINT 157*          .... Only prints those matching 157*
	
    > route ADD 157.0.0.0 MASK 255.0.0.0  157.55.80.1 METRIC 3 IF 2
             destinationˆ      ˆmask      ˆgateway     metricˆ    ˆ
                                                         Interfaceˆ
      If IF is not given, it tries to find the best interface for a given 
      gateway.
    > route ADD 3ffe::/32 3ffe::1
    
    > route CHANGE 157.0.0.0 MASK 255.0.0.0 157.55.80.5 METRIC 2 IF 2
    
      CHANGE is used to modify gateway and/or metric only.
    
    > route DELETE 157.0.0.0
    > route DELETE 3ffe::/32

Usage: 
rpcping [-t <protseq>] [-s <server_addr>] [-e <endpoint>            
        |-f <interface UUID>[,MajorVer]] [-O <Interface Object UUID]
        [-i <#_iterations>] [-u <security_package_id>] [-a <authn_level>]                             
        [-N <server_princ_name>] [-I <auth_identity>] [-C <capabilities>]
        [-T <identity_tracking>] [-M <impersonation_type>]
        [-S <server_sid>] [-P <proxy_auth_identity>] [-F <RPCHTTP_flags>]
        [-H <RPC/HTTP_authn_schemes>] [-o <binding_options>]
        [-B <server_certificate_subject>] [-b] [-E] [-q] [-c]
        [-A <http_proxy_auth_identity>] [-U <HTTP_proxy_authn_schemes>]
        [-r <report_results_interval>] [-v <verbose_level>] 

Pings a server using RPC. Options are:

-t <protseq> - protocol sequence to use. Can be one of the standard
    RPC protocol sequences - ncacn_ip_tcp, ncacn_np, ncacn_http, etc.
    If not specified, default is ncacn_ip_tcp.
    
-s <server_addr> - the server address. If not specified, the local
    machine will be pinged. E.g. server, server.com, 157.59.244.141
        
-e <endpoint> - the endpoint to ping. If none is specified, the endpoint
    mapper on the target machine will be pinged. This option is mutually
    exclusive with the interface (-f) option.

-o <binding_options> - the binding options for the RPC ping. See the
    MSDN for more details (RpcStringBindingCompose and RPC over HTTP).
    
-f <interface UUID>[,MajorVer] - the interface to ping. This option is
    mutually exclusive with the endpoint option. The interface is specified
    as a UUID. If the MajorVer is not specified, version 1 of the interface
    will be sought. When interface is specified, rpcping will query the
    endpoint mapper on the target machine to retrieve the endpoint for the
    specified interface. The endpoint mapper will be queried using the
    options specified in the command line.
    
-O <Object UUID> - Object Uuid if the interface registerd one.

-i <#_iterations> - number of calls to make. The default is 1. This
    option is useful for measuring connection latency if multiple
    iterations are specified.
    
-u <security_package_id> - the security package (security provider) RPC
    will use to make the call. The security package is identified as a
    number or a name. If a number is used it is the same number as in the
    RpcBindingSetAuthInfoEx API. The table below gives the names and
    numbers. Names are not case sensitive:
        Negotiate - 9 or one of nego, snego or negotiate
        NTLM - 10 or NTLM
        SChannel - 14 or SChannel
        Kerberos - 16 or Kerberos
        Kernel - 20 or Kernel
    If you specify this option you must specify authentication level other
    than none. There is no default for this option. If it is not specified,
    RPC will not use security for the ping.
    
-a <authn_level> - the authentication level to use. Possible values are
    connect, call, pkt, integrity and privacy. If this option is
    specified, the security package id (-u) must also be specified. There
    is no default for this option. If this option is not specified, RPC
    will not use security for the ping.

-N <server_princ_name> - specifies a server principal name. Same semantics
    as the ServerPrincName argument to RpcBindingSetAuthInfoEx. See the
    MSDN for more information on RpcBidningSetAuthInfoEx. This field can be
    used only when authentication level and security package are selected.
    
-I <auth_identity> - allows you to specify alternative identity to connect
    to the server. The identity is in the form user,domain,password where
    the three fields have the obvious meaning. If the user name, domain or
    password have special characters that can be interpreted by the shell
    be sure to enclose the identity in double quotes. You can specify *
    instead of the password and RPC will prompt you to enter the password
    without echoing it on the screen. If this field is not specified, the
    identity of the logged on user will be used. This field can be used
    only when authentication level and security package are selected.
  
-C <capabilities> - a hex bitmask of flags. It has the same meaning as
    the Capabilities field in the RPC_SECURITY_QOS structure described
    in the MSDN. This field can be used only when authentication level and
    security package are selected.
    
-T <identity_tracking> - can be static or dynamic. If not specified,
    dynamic is the default. This field can be used only when authentication
    level and security package are selected.

-M <impersonation_type> - can be anonymous, identify, impersonate or
    delegate. Default is impersonate. This field can be used only when
    authentication level and security package are selected.  

-S <server_sid> - the expected SID of the server. For more information
    see the Sid field in the RPC_SECURITY_QOS structure in the MSDN. Using      
    this option requires Windows .NET Server 2003 or higher. This field can
    be used only when authentication level and security package are
    selected.
    
-P <proxy_auth_identity> - specifies the identity to authenticate with to
    the RPC/HTTP proxy. Has the same format as for the -I option. 
    Also, you must specify security package (-u), authentication level 
    (-a), and authentication schemes (-H) in order to use this option.
    
-F <RPCHTTP_flags> - the flags to pass for RPC/HTTP front end
    authentication. The flags may be specified as numbers or names
    The currently recognized flags are:
        Use SSL - 1 or ssl or use_ssl
        Use first auth scheme - 2 or first or use_first
    See the Flags field in RPC_HTTP_TRANSPORT_CREDENTIALS for more 
    information. Also, you must specify security package (-u) and 
    authentication level (-a) in order to use this option.
    
-H <RPC/HTTP_authn_schemes> - the authentication schemes to use for
    RPC/HTTP front end authentication. This option is a list of numerical
    values or names separated by comma. E.g. Basic,NTLM. Recognized values
    are (names are not case sensitive:
        Basic - 1 or Basic
        NTLM - 2 or NTLM
        Certificate - 65536 or Cert
    Also, you must specify security package (-u) and authentication level 
    (-a) in order to use this option.
    
-B <server_certificate_subject> - the server certificate subject. For
    more information, see the ServerCertificateSubject field in the
    RPC_HTTP_TRANSPORT_CREDENTIALS structure in the MSDN. You must use
    SSL for this option to work. Also, you must specify security package 
    (-u) and authentication level (-a) in order to use this option.
    
-b - retrieves the server certificate subject from the certificate sent
    by the server and prints it to a screen or a log file. Valid only when
    the Proxy Echo only option (-E) and the use SSL options are specified.
    Also, you must specify security package (-u) and authentication level 
    (-a) in order to use this option.
    
-R - specifies the HTTP proxy. if it's 'none', we will not use HTTP proxy but
    directly attempt the RPC proxy. the value 'default' means to use the IE
    settings in your client machine. any other value will be treated as the
    explicit HTTP proxy. if you don't specify this flag, the default value
    is assumed, that is, the IE settings are checked. this flag is valid
    only when the -E (Echo Only) flag is enabled.

-E - restricts the ping to the RPC/HTTP proxy only. The ping does not
    reach the server. Useful when trying to establish whether the RPC/HTTP
    proxy is reachable. Also, you must specify security package (-u) and 
    authentication level (-a) in order to use this option. To specify an 
    HTTP proxy, use the -R flag. If an HTTP proxy is specified in the -o 
    flag, this option will be ignored.
 
-q - quiet mode. Does not issue any prompts except for passwords. Assumes
    'Y' response to all queries. Use this option with care.
    
-c - use smart card certificate. RPCPing will prompt user to choose
    smart card.
    
-A <http_proxy_auth_identity> - specifies the identity to authenticate
    with to the HTTP proxy. Has the same format as for the -I option. 
    Also, you must specify authentication schemes (-U), security package 
    (-u) and authentication level (-a) in order to use this option.
    
-U <HTTP_proxy_authn_schemes> - the authentication schemes to use for
    HTTP proxy authentication. This option is a list of numerical
    values or names separated by comma. E.g. Basic,NTLM. Recognized values 
    are (names are not case sensitive:
        Basic - 1 or Basic
        NTLM - 2 or NTLM
    You must specify security package (-u) and authentication level (-a) 
    in order to use this option.

-r <report_results_interval> - if multiple iterations are specified, this
    option will make rpcping display current execution statistics
    periodically instead after the last call. The report interval is given
    in seconds. Default is 15.
    
-v <verbose_level> - tells rpcping how verbose to make the output. Default
    value is 1. 2 and 3 provide more output from rpcping.
       
Example: Find out if your Exchange server that you connect through
RPC/HTTP is accessible:
    rpcping -t ncacn_http -s exchange_server -o RpcProxy=front_end_proxy
        -P "username,domain,*" -H Basic -u NTLM -a connect -F 3
When prompted for the password, enter it. exchange_server is the name of
your exchange server, front_end_proxy is the name of your proxy, username
and domain are your user name and domain as you would enter them in the
Outlook prompt. The other parameters will ask rpcping to ping your
Exchange server in exactly the same way as Outlook will connect to it for
the typical profile.

-p - Prompt for credentials if authentication fails.

SC

ERROR:  Unrecognized command

DESCRIPTION:
        SC is a command line program used for communicating with the
        Service Control Manager and services.
USAGE:
        sc <server> [command] [service name] <option1> <option2>...


        The option <server> has the form "\\ServerName"
        Further help on commands can be obtained by typing: "sc [command]"
        Commands:
          query-----------Queries the status for a service, or
                          enumerates the status for types of services.
          queryex---------Queries the extended status for a service, or
                          enumerates the status for types of services.
          start-----------Starts a service.
          pause-----------Sends a PAUSE control request to a service.
          interrogate-----Sends an INTERROGATE control request to a service.
          continue--------Sends a CONTINUE control request to a service.
          stop------------Sends a STOP request to a service.
          config----------Changes the configuration of a service (persistent).
          description-----Changes the description of a service.
          failure---------Changes the actions taken by a service upon failure.
          failureflag-----Changes the failure actions flag of a service.
          sidtype---------Changes the service SID type of a service.
          privs-----------Changes the required privileges of a service.
          managedaccount--Changes the service to mark the service account 
                          password as managed by LSA.
          qc--------------Queries the configuration information for a service.
          qdescription----Queries the description for a service.
          qfailure--------Queries the actions taken by a service upon failure.
          qfailureflag----Queries the failure actions flag of a service.
          qsidtype--------Queries the service SID type of a service.
          qprivs----------Queries the required privileges of a service.
          qtriggerinfo----Queries the trigger parameters of a service.
          qpreferrednode--Queries the preferred NUMA node of a service.
          qrunlevel-------Queries the run level of a service.
          qmanagedaccount-Queries whether a services uses an account with a 
                          password managed by LSA.
          delete----------Deletes a service (from the registry).
          create----------Creates a service. (adds it to the registry).
          control---------Sends a control to a service.
          sdshow----------Displays a service's security descriptor.
          sdset-----------Sets a service's security descriptor.
          showsid---------Displays the service SID string corresponding to an arbitrary name.
          triggerinfo-----Configures the trigger parameters of a service.
          preferrednode---Sets the preferred NUMA node of a service.
          runlevel--------Sets the run level of a service.
          GetDisplayName--Gets the DisplayName for a service.
          GetKeyName------Gets the ServiceKeyName for a service.
          EnumDepend------Enumerates Service Dependencies.

        The following commands don't require a service name:
        sc <server> <command> <option>
          boot------------(ok | bad) Indicates whether the last boot should
                          be saved as the last-known-good boot configuration
          Lock------------Locks the Service Database
          QueryLock-------Queries the LockStatus for the SCManager Database
EXAMPLE:
        sc start MyService

Would you like to see help for the QUERY and QUERYEX commands? [ y | n ]: 

SCHTASKS

SCHTASKS /parameter [arguments]

Description:
    Enables an administrator to create, delete, query, change, run and
    end scheduled tasks on a local or remote system. 

Parameter List:
    /Create         Creates a new scheduled task.

    /Delete         Deletes the scheduled task(s).

    /Query          Displays all scheduled tasks.

    /Change         Changes the properties of scheduled task.

    /Run            Runs the scheduled task on demand.

    /End            Stops the currently running scheduled task.

    /ShowSid        Shows the security identifier corresponding to a scheduled task name.

    /?              Displays this help message.

Examples:
    SCHTASKS 
    SCHTASKS /?
    SCHTASKS /Run /?
    SCHTASKS /End /?
    SCHTASKS /Create /?
    SCHTASKS /Delete /?
    SCHTASKS /Query  /?
    SCHTASKS /Change /?
    SCHTASKS /ShowSid /?

Usage: SDBINST [-?] [-q] [-u] [-g] [-p] [-n[:WIN32|WIN64]] myfile.sdb | {guid} | "name"

    -? - print this help text.
    -p - Allow SDBs containing patches.
    -q - Quiet mode: prompts are auto-accepted.
    -u - Uninstall.
    -g {guid} - GUID of file (uninstall only).
    -n "name" - Internal name of file (uninstall only).

The syntax of this command is:

secedit [/configure | /analyze | /import | /export | /validate | /generaterollback]

SET

Displays, sets, or removes cmd.exe environment variables.

SET [variable=[string]]

  variable  Specifies the environment-variable name.
  string    Specifies a series of characters to assign to the variable.

Type SET without parameters to display the current environment variables.

If Command Extensions are enabled SET changes as follows:

SET command invoked with just a variable name, no equal sign or value
will display the value of all variables whose prefix matches the name
given to the SET command.  For example:

    SET P

would display all variables that begin with the letter 'P'

SET command will set the ERRORLEVEL to 1 if the variable name is not
found in the current environment.

SET command will not allow an equal sign to be part of the name of
a variable.

Two new switches have been added to the SET command:

    SET /A expression
    SET /P variable=[promptString]

The /A switch specifies that the string to the right of the equal sign
is a numerical expression that is evaluated.  The expression evaluator
is pretty simple and supports the following operations, in decreasing
order of precedence:

    ()                  - grouping
    ! ~ -               - unary operators
    * / %               - arithmetic operators
    + -                 - arithmetic operators
    << >>               - logical shift
    &                   - bitwise and
    ˆ                   - bitwise exclusive or
    |                   - bitwise or
    = *= /= %= += -=    - assignment
      &= ˆ= |= <<= >>=
    ,                   - expression separator

If you use any of the logical or modulus operators, you will need to
enclose the expression string in quotes.  Any non-numeric strings in the
expression are treated as environment variable names whose values are
converted to numbers before using them.  If an environment variable name
is specified but is not defined in the current environment, then a value
of zero is used.  This allows you to do arithmetic with environment
variable values without having to type all those % signs to get their
values.  If SET /A is executed from the command line outside of a
command script, then it displays the final value of the expression.  The
assignment operator requires an environment variable name to the left of
the assignment operator.  Numeric values are decimal numbers, unless
prefixed by 0x for hexadecimal numbers, and 0 for octal numbers.
So 0x12 is the same as 18 is the same as 022. Please note that the octal
notation can be confusing: 08 and 09 are not valid numbers because 8 and
9 are not valid octal digits.

The /P switch allows you to set the value of a variable to a line of input
entered by the user.  Displays the specified promptString before reading
the line of input.  The promptString can be empty.

Environment variable substitution has been enhanced as follows:

    %PATH:str1=str2%

would expand the PATH environment variable, substituting each occurrence
of "str1" in the expanded result with "str2".  "str2" can be the empty
string to effectively delete all occurrences of "str1" from the expanded
output.  "str1" can begin with an asterisk, in which case it will match
everything from the beginning of the expanded output to the first
occurrence of the remaining portion of str1.

May also specify substrings for an expansion.

    %PATH:~10,5%

would expand the PATH environment variable, and then use only the 5
characters that begin at the 11th (offset 10) character of the expanded
result.  If the length is not specified, then it defaults to the
remainder of the variable value.  If either number (offset or length) is
negative, then the number used is the length of the environment variable
value added to the offset or length specified.

    %PATH:~-10%

would extract the last 10 characters of the PATH variable.

    %PATH:~0,-2%

would extract all but the last 2 characters of the PATH variable.

Finally, support for delayed environment variable expansion has been
added.  This support is always disabled by default, but may be
enabled/disabled via the /V command line switch to CMD.EXE.  See CMD /?

Delayed environment variable expansion is useful for getting around
the limitations of the current expansion which happens when a line
of text is read, not when it is executed.  The following example
demonstrates the problem with immediate variable expansion:

    set VAR=before
    if "%VAR%" == "before" (
        set VAR=after
        if "%VAR%" == "after" @echo If you see this, it worked
    )

would never display the message, since the %VAR% in BOTH IF statements
is substituted when the first IF statement is read, since it logically
includes the body of the IF, which is a compound statement.  So the
IF inside the compound statement is really comparing "before" with
"after" which will never be equal.  Similarly, the following example
will not work as expected:

    set LIST=
    for %i in (*) do set LIST=%LIST% %i
    echo %LIST%

in that it will NOT build up a list of files in the current directory,
but instead will just set the LIST variable to the last file found.
Again, this is because the %LIST% is expanded just once when the
FOR statement is read, and at that time the LIST variable is empty.
So the actual FOR loop we are executing is:

    for %i in (*) do set LIST= %i

which just keeps setting LIST to the last file found.

Delayed environment variable expansion allows you to use a different
character (the exclamation mark) to expand environment variables at
execution time.  If delayed variable expansion is enabled, the above
examples could be written as follows to work as intended:

    set VAR=before
    if "%VAR%" == "before" (
        set VAR=after
        if "!VAR!" == "after" @echo If you see this, it worked
    )

    set LIST=
    for %i in (*) do set LIST=!LIST! %i
    echo %LIST%

If Command Extensions are enabled, then there are several dynamic
environment variables that can be expanded but which don't show up in
the list of variables displayed by SET.  These variable values are
computed dynamically each time the value of the variable is expanded.
If the user explicitly defines a variable with one of these names, then
that definition will override the dynamic one described below:

%CD% - expands to the current directory string.

%DATE% - expands to current date using same format as DATE command.

%TIME% - expands to current time using same format as TIME command.

%RANDOM% - expands to a random decimal number between 0 and 32767.

%ERRORLEVEL% - expands to the current ERRORLEVEL value

%CMDEXTVERSION% - expands to the current Command Processor Extensions
    version number.

%CMDCMDLINE% - expands to the original command line that invoked the
    Command Processor.

%HIGHESTNUMANODENUMBER% - expands to the highest NUMA node number
    on this machine.

SETLOCAL

Begins localization of environment changes in a batch file.  Environment
changes made after SETLOCAL has been issued are local to the batch file.
ENDLOCAL must be issued to restore the previous settings.  When the end
of a batch script is reached, an implied ENDLOCAL is executed for any
outstanding SETLOCAL commands issued by that batch script.

SETLOCAL

If Command Extensions are enabled SETLOCAL changes as follows:

SETLOCAL batch command now accepts optional arguments:
        ENABLEEXTENSIONS / DISABLEEXTENSIONS
            enable or disable command processor extensions. These 
            arguments takes precedence over the CMD /E:ON or /E:OFF
            switches. See CMD /? for details.
        ENABLEDELAYEDEXPANSION / DISABLEDELAYEDEXPANSION
            enable or disable delayed environment variable
            expansion. These arguments takes precedence over the CMD
            /V:ON or /V:OFF switches. See CMD /? for details.
These modifications last until the matching ENDLOCAL command,
regardless of their setting prior to the SETLOCAL command.

The SETLOCAL command will set the ERRORLEVEL value if given
an argument.  It will be zero if one of the two valid arguments
is given and one otherwise.  You can use this in batch scripts
to determine if the extensions are available, using the following
technique:

    VERIFY OTHER 2>nul
    SETLOCAL ENABLEEXTENSIONS
    IF ERRORLEVEL 1 echo Unable to enable extensions

This works because on old versions of CMD.EXE, SETLOCAL does NOT
set the ERRORLEVEL value. The VERIFY command with a bad argument
initializes the ERRORLEVEL value to a non-zero value.

Sets the version number that MS-DOS reports to a program.

Display current version table:  SETVER [drive:path]
Add entry:                      SETVER [drive:path] filename n.nn
Delete entry:                   SETVER [drive:path] filename /DELETE [/QUIET]

  [drive:path]    Specifies location of the SETVER.EXE file.
  filename        Specifies the filename of the program.
  n.nn            Specifies the MS-DOS version to be reported to the program.
  /DELETE or /D   Deletes the version-table entry for the specified program.
  /QUIET          Hides the message typically displayed during deletion of
                  version-table entry.

SetX has three ways of working: 

Syntax 1:
    SETX [/S system [/U [domain\]user [/P [password]]]] var value [/M]

Syntax 2:
    SETX [/S system [/U [domain\]user [/P [password]]]] var /K regpath [/M]

Syntax 3:
    SETX [/S system [/U [domain\]user [/P [password]]]]
         /F file {var {/A x,y | /R x,y string}[/M] | /X} [/D delimiters]

Description:
    Creates or modifies environment variables in the user or system
    environment. Can set variables based on arguments, regkeys or
    file input.

Parameter List:
    /S     system          Specifies the remote system to connect to.

    /U     [domain\]user   Specifies the user context under which
                           the command should execute.

    /P     [password]      Specifies the password for the given
                           user context. Prompts for input if omitted.

    var                    Specifies the environment variable to set.

    value                  Specifies a value to be assigned to the 
                           environment variable.

    /K     regpath         Specifies that the variable is set based
                           on information from a registry key.
                           Path should be specified in the format of
                           hive\key\...\value. For example,
                           HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\
                           Control\TimeZoneInformation\StandardName.

    /F     file            Specifies the filename of the text file
                           to use.

    /A     x,y             Specifies absolute file coordinates
                           (line X, item Y) as parameters to search 
                           within the file.

    /R     x,y string      Specifies relative file coordinates with
                           respect to "string" as the search parameters.

    /M                     Specifies that the variable should be set in
                           the system wide (HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE)
                           environment. The default is to set the
                           variable under the HKEY_CURRENT_USER 
                           environment.

    /X                     Displays file contents with x,y coordinates.

    /D     delimiters      Specifies additional delimiters such as ","
                           or "\". The built-in delimiters are space,
                           tab, carriage return, and linefeed. Any 
                           ASCII character can be used as an additional
                           delimiter. The maximum number of delimiters,
                           including the built-in delimiters, is 15.

    /?                     Displays this help message.

NOTE: 1) SETX writes variables to the master environment in the registry.

      2) On a local system, variables created or modified by this tool
         will be available in future command windows but not in the
         current CMD.exe command window.

      3) On a remote system, variables created or modified by this tool
         will be available at the next logon session.

      4) The valid Registry Key data types are REG_DWORD, REG_EXPAND_SZ,
         REG_SZ, REG_MULTI_SZ.

      5) Supported hives:  HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE (HKLM),
         HKEY_CURRENT_USER (HKCU).

      6) Delimiters are case sensitive.

      7) REG_DWORD values are extracted from the registry in decimal 
         format.

Examples:
    SETX MACHINE COMPAQ 
    SETX MACHINE "COMPAQ COMPUTER" /M
    SETX MYPATH "%PATH%"
    SETX MYPATH ~PATH~
    SETX /S system /U user /P password  MACHINE COMPAQ 
    SETX /S system /U user /P password MYPATH ˆ%PATHˆ% 
    SETX TZONE /K HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\
         Control\TimeZoneInformation\StandardName
    SETX BUILD /K "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows
         NT\CurrentVersion\CurrentBuildNumber" /M
    SETX /S system /U user /P password TZONE /K HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\
         System\CurrentControlSet\Control\TimeZoneInformation\
         StandardName
    SETX /S system /U user /P password  BUILD /K 
         "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\
         CurrentVersion\CurrentBuildNumber" /M
    SETX /F ipconfig.out /X 
    SETX IPADDR /F ipconfig.out /A 5,11 
    SETX OCTET1 /F ipconfig.out /A 5,3 /D "#$*." 
    SETX IPGATEWAY /F ipconfig.out /R 0,7 Gateway
    SETX /S system /U user /P password  /F c:\ipconfig.out /X

Microsoft (R) Windows (R) Resource Checker Version 6.0
Copyright (c) 2006 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

Scans the integrity of all protected system files and replaces incorrect versions with 
correct Microsoft versions.

SFC [/SCANNOW] [/VERIFYONLY] [/SCANFILE=<file>] [/VERIFYFILE=<file>]
    [/OFFWINDIR=<offline windows directory> /OFFBOOTDIR=<offline boot directory>]

/SCANNOW        Scans integrity of all protected system files and repairs files with
                problems when possible.
/VERIFYONLY     Scans integrity of all protected system files. No repair operation is
                performed.
/SCANFILE       Scans integrity of the referenced file, repairs file if problems are
                identified. Specify full path <file>
/VERIFYFILE     Verifies the integrity of the file with full path <file>.  No repair
                operation is performed.
/OFFBOOTDIR     For offline repair specify the location of the offline boot directory
/OFFWINDIR      For offline repair specify the location of the offline windows directory

e.g.

        sfc /SCANNOW
        sfc /VERIFYFILE=c:\windows\system32\kernel32.dll
        sfc /SCANFILE=d:\windows\system32\kernel32.dll /OFFBOOTDIR=d:\ /OFFWINDIR=d:\windows
        sfc /VERIFYONLY

SHIFT

Changes the position of replaceable parameters in a batch file.

SHIFT [/n]

If Command Extensions are enabled the SHIFT command supports
the /n switch which tells the command to start shifting at the
nth argument, where n may be between zero and eight.  For example:

    SHIFT /2

would shift %3 to %2, %4 to %3, etc. and leave %0 and %1 unaffected.

SHUTDOWN

Usage: SHUTDOWN [/i | /l | /s | /r | /g | /a | /p | /h | /e | /o] [/hybrid] [/f]
    [/m \\computer][/t xxx][/d [p|u:]xx:yy [/c "comment"]]

    No args    Display help. This is the same as typing /?.
    /?         Display help. This is the same as not typing any options.
    /i         Display the graphical user interface (GUI).
               This must be the first option.
    /l         Log off. This cannot be used with /m or /d options.
    /s         Shutdown the computer.
    /r         Full shutdown and restart the computer.
    /g         Full shutdown and restart the computer. After the system is
               rebooted, restart any registered applications.
    /a         Abort a system shutdown.
               This can only be used during the time-out period.
    /p         Turn off the local computer with no time-out or warning.
               Can be used with /d and /f options.
    /h         Hibernate the local computer.
               Can be used with the /f option.
    /hybrid    Performs a shutdown of the computer and prepares it for fast startup.
               Must be used with /s option.
    /e         Document the reason for an unexpected shutdown of a computer.
    /o         Go to the advanced boot options menu and restart the computer.
               Must be used with /r option.
    /m \\computer Specify the target computer.
    /t xxx     Set the time-out period before shutdown to xxx seconds.
               The valid range is 0-315360000 (10 years), with a default of 30.
               If the timeout period is greater than 0, the /f parameter is
               implied.
    /c "comment" Comment on the reason for the restart or shutdown.
               Maximum of 512 characters allowed.
    /f         Force running applications to close without forewarning users.
               The /f parameter is implied when a value greater than 0 is
               specified for the /t parameter.
    /d [p|u:]xx:yy  Provide the reason for the restart or shutdown.
               p indicates that the restart or shutdown is planned.
               u indicates that the reason is user defined.
               If neither p nor u is specified the restart or shutdown is
               unplanned.
               xx is the major reason number (positive integer less than 256).
               yy is the minor reason number (positive integer less than 65536).

Reasons on this computer:
(E = Expected U = Unexpected P = planned, C = customer defined)
Type	Major	Minor	Title

 U  	0	0	Other (Unplanned)
E   	0	0	Other (Unplanned)
E P 	0	0	Other (Planned)
 U  	0	5	Other Failure: System Unresponsive
E   	1	1	Hardware: Maintenance (Unplanned)
E P 	1	1	Hardware: Maintenance (Planned)
E   	1	2	Hardware: Installation (Unplanned)
E P 	1	2	Hardware: Installation (Planned)
E   	2	2	Operating System: Recovery (Planned)
E P 	2	2	Operating System: Recovery (Planned)
  P 	2	3	Operating System: Upgrade (Planned)
E   	2	4	Operating System: Reconfiguration (Unplanned)
E P 	2	4	Operating System: Reconfiguration (Planned)
  P 	2	16	Operating System: Service pack (Planned)
    	2	17	Operating System: Hot fix (Unplanned)
  P 	2	17	Operating System: Hot fix (Planned)
    	2	18	Operating System: Security fix (Unplanned)
  P 	2	18	Operating System: Security fix (Planned)
E   	4	1	Application: Maintenance (Unplanned)
E P 	4	1	Application: Maintenance (Planned)
E P 	4	2	Application: Installation (Planned)
E   	4	5	Application: Unresponsive
E   	4	6	Application: Unstable
 U  	5	15	System Failure: Stop error
 U  	5	19	Security issue (Unplanned)
E   	5	19	Security issue (Unplanned)
E P 	5	19	Security issue (Planned)
E   	5	20	Loss of network connectivity (Unplanned)
 U  	6	11	Power Failure: Cord Unplugged
 U  	6	12	Power Failure: Environment
  P 	7	0	Legacy API shutdown

SORT

SORT [/R] [/+n] [/M kilobytes] [/L locale] [/REC recordbytes]
  [[drive1:][path1]filename1] [/T [drive2:][path2]]
  [/O [drive3:][path3]filename3]
  /+n                         Specifies the character number, n, to
                              begin each comparison.  /+3 indicates that
                              each comparison should begin at the 3rd
                              character in each line.  Lines with fewer
                              than n characters collate before other lines.
                              By default comparisons start at the first
                              character in each line.
  /L[OCALE] locale            Overrides the system default locale with
                              the specified one.  The ""C"" locale yields
                              the fastest collating sequence and is
                              currently the only alternative.  The sort
                              is always case insensitive.
  /M[EMORY] kilobytes         Specifies amount of main memory to use for
                              the sort, in kilobytes.  The memory size is
                              always constrained to be a minimum of 160
                              kilobytes.  If the memory size is specified
                              the exact amount will be used for the sort,
                              regardless of how much main memory is
                              available.

                              The best performance is usually achieved by
                              not specifying a memory size.  By default the
                              sort will be done with one pass (no temporary
                              file) if it fits in the default maximum
                              memory size, otherwise the sort will be done
                              in two passes (with the partially sorted data
                              being stored in a temporary file) such that
                              the amounts of memory used for both the sort
                              and merge passes are equal.  The default
                              maximum memory size is 90% of available main
                              memory if both the input and output are
                              files, and 45% of main memory otherwise.
  /REC[ORD_MAXIMUM] characters Specifies the maximum number of characters
                              in a record (default 4096, maximum 65535).
  /R[EVERSE]                  Reverses the sort order; that is,
                              sorts Z to A, then 9 to 0.
  [drive1:][path1]filename1   Specifies the file to be sorted.  If not
                              specified, the standard input is sorted.
                              Specifying the input file is faster than
                              redirecting the same file as standard input.
  /T[EMPORARY]
    [drive2:][path2]          Specifies the path of the directory to hold
                              the sort's working storage, in case the data
                              does not fit in main memory.  The default is
                              to use the system temporary directory.
  /O[UTPUT]
    [drive3:][path3]filename3 Specifies the file where the sorted input is
                              to be stored.  If not specified, the data is
                              written to the standard output.   Specifying
                              the output file is faster than redirecting
                              standard output to the same file.

START

Starts a separate window to run a specified program or command.

START ["title"] [/D path] [/I] [/MIN] [/MAX] [/SEPARATE | /SHARED]
      [/LOW | /NORMAL | /HIGH | /REALTIME | /ABOVENORMAL | /BELOWNORMAL]
      [/NODE <NUMA node>] [/AFFINITY <hex affinity mask>] [/WAIT] [/B]
      [command/program] [parameters]

    "title"     Title to display in window title bar.
    path        Starting directory.
    B           Start application without creating a new window. The
                application has ˆC handling ignored. Unless the application
                enables ˆC processing, ˆBreak is the only way to interrupt
                the application.
    I           The new environment will be the original environment passed
                to the cmd.exe and not the current environment.
    MIN         Start window minimized.
    MAX         Start window maximized.
    SEPARATE    Start 16-bit Windows program in separate memory space.
    SHARED      Start 16-bit Windows program in shared memory space.
    LOW         Start application in the IDLE priority class.
    NORMAL      Start application in the NORMAL priority class.
    HIGH        Start application in the HIGH priority class.
    REALTIME    Start application in the REALTIME priority class.
    ABOVENORMAL Start application in the ABOVENORMAL priority class.
    BELOWNORMAL Start application in the BELOWNORMAL priority class.
    NODE        Specifies the preferred Non-Uniform Memory Architecture (NUMA)
                node as a decimal integer.
    AFFINITY    Specifies the processor affinity mask as a hexadecimal number.
                The process is restricted to running on these processors.

                The affinity mask is interpreted differently when /AFFINITY and
                /NODE are combined.  Specify the affinity mask as if the NUMA
                node's processor mask is right shifted to begin at bit zero.
                The process is restricted to running on those processors in
                common between the specified affinity mask and the NUMA node.
                If no processors are in common, the process is restricted to
                running on the specified NUMA node.  
    WAIT        Start application and wait for it to terminate.
    command/program
                If it is an internal cmd command or a batch file then
                the command processor is run with the /K switch to cmd.exe.
                This means that the window will remain after the command
                has been run.

                If it is not an internal cmd command or batch file then
                it is a program and will run as either a windowed application
                or a console application.

    parameters  These are the parameters passed to the command/program.

NOTE: The SEPARATE and SHARED options are not supported on 64-bit platforms.

Specifying /NODE allows processes to be created in a way that leverages memory
locality on NUMA systems.  For example, two processes that communicate with
each other heavily through shared memory can be created to share the same
preferred NUMA node in order to minimize memory latencies.  They allocate
memory from the same NUMA node when possible, and they are free to run on
processors outside the specified node.

    start /NODE 1 application1.exe
    start /NODE 1 application2.exe

These two processes can be further constrained to run on specific processors
within the same NUMA node.  In the following example, application1 runs on the
low-order two processors of the node, while application2 runs on the next two
processors of the node.  This example assumes the specified node has at least
four logical processors.  Note that the node number can be changed to any valid
node number for that computer without having to change the affinity mask.

    start /NODE 1 /AFFINITY 0x3 application1.exe
    start /NODE 1 /AFFINITY 0xc application2.exe

If Command Extensions are enabled, external command invocation
through the command line or the START command changes as follows:

non-executable files may be invoked through their file association just
    by typing the name of the file as a command.  (e.g.  WORD.DOC would
    launch the application associated with the .DOC file extension).
    See the ASSOC and FTYPE commands for how to create these
    associations from within a command script.

When executing an application that is a 32-bit GUI application, CMD.EXE
    does not wait for the application to terminate before returning to
    the command prompt.  This new behavior does NOT occur if executing
    within a command script.

When executing a command line whose first token is the string "CMD "
    without an extension or path qualifier, then "CMD" is replaced with
    the value of the COMSPEC variable.  This prevents picking up CMD.EXE
    from the current directory.

When executing a command line whose first token does NOT contain an
    extension, then CMD.EXE uses the value of the PATHEXT
    environment variable to determine which extensions to look for
    and in what order.  The default value for the PATHEXT variable
    is:

        .COM;.EXE;.BAT;.CMD

    Notice the syntax is the same as the PATH variable, with
    semicolons separating the different elements.

When searching for an executable, if there is no match on any extension,
then looks to see if the name matches a directory name.  If it does, the
START command launches the Explorer on that path.  If done from the
command line, it is the equivalent to doing a CD /D to that path.

SUBST

Associates a path with a drive letter.

SUBST [drive1: [drive2:]path]
SUBST drive1: /D

  drive1:        Specifies a virtual drive to which you want to assign a path.
  [drive2:]path  Specifies a physical drive and path you want to assign to
                 a virtual drive.
  /D             Deletes a substituted (virtual) drive.

Type SUBST with no parameters to display a list of current virtual drives.

WinSxs Tracing Utility.
Usage: SxsTrace [Options]
Options:
   Trace -logfile:FileName [-nostop]
       Enabling tracing for sxs.
       Tracing log is saved to FileName.
       If -nostop is specified, will not prompt to stop tracing.
   Parse -logfile:FileName -outfile:ParsedFile  [-filter:AppName]
       Translate the raw trace file into a human readable format and save the result to ParsedFile.
       Use -filter option to filter the output.
   Stoptrace
       Stop the trace if it is not stopped before.
Example:  SxsTrace Trace -logfile:SxsTrace.etl
          SxsTrace Parse -logfile:SxsTrace.etl -outfile:SxsTrace.txt

SYSTEMINFO

SYSTEMINFO [/S system [/U username [/P [password]]]] [/FO format] [/NH]

Description:
    This tool displays operating system configuration information for
    a local or remote machine, including service pack levels.

Parameter List:
    /S      system           Specifies the remote system to connect to.

    /U      [domain\]user    Specifies the user context under which
                             the command should execute.

    /P      [password]       Specifies the password for the given
                             user context. Prompts for input if omitted.

    /FO     format           Specifies the format in which the output
                             is to be displayed.
                             Valid values: "TABLE", "LIST", "CSV".

    /NH                      Specifies that the "Column Header" should
                             not be displayed in the output.
                             Valid only for "TABLE" and "CSV" formats.

    /?                       Displays this help message.

Examples:
    SYSTEMINFO
    SYSTEMINFO /?
    SYSTEMINFO /S system
    SYSTEMINFO /S system /U user
    SYSTEMINFO /S system /U domain\user /P password /FO TABLE
    SYSTEMINFO /S system /FO LIST
    SYSTEMINFO /S system /FO CSV /NH

TAKEOWN [/S system [/U username [/P [password]]]]
        /F filename [/A] [/R [/D prompt]]

Description:
    This tool allows an administrator to recover access to a file that
    was denied by re-assigning file ownership.

Parameter List: 
    /S           system          Specifies the remote system to
                                 connect to.

    /U           [domain\]user   Specifies the user context under
                                 which the command should execute.

    /P           [password]      Specifies the password for the
                                 given user context.
                                 Prompts for input if omitted.

    /F           filename        Specifies the filename or directory
                                 name pattern. Wildcard "*" can be used
                                 to specify the pattern. Allows
                                 sharename\filename.

    /A                           Gives ownership to the administrators
                                 group instead of the current user.

    /R                           Recurse: instructs tool to operate on
                                 files in specified directory and all 
                                 subdirectories.

    /D           prompt          Default answer used when the current user
                                 does not have the "list folder" permission
                                 on a directory.  This occurs while operating
                                 recursively (/R) on sub-directories. Valid 
                                 values "Y" to take ownership or "N" to skip.

    /?                           Displays this help message.

    NOTE: 1) If /A is not specified, file ownership will be given to the
             current logged on user.

          2) Mixed patterns using "?" and "*" are not supported.

          3) /D is used to suppress the confirmation prompt.

Examples: 
    TAKEOWN /?
    TAKEOWN /F lostfile
    TAKEOWN /F \\system\share\lostfile /A
    TAKEOWN /F directory /R /D N
    TAKEOWN /F directory /R /A
    TAKEOWN /F *
    TAKEOWN /F C:\Windows\System32\acme.exe
    TAKEOWN /F %windir%\*.txt
    TAKEOWN /S system /F MyShare\Acme*.doc
    TAKEOWN /S system /U user /F MyShare\MyBinary.dll
    TAKEOWN /S system /U domain\user /P password /F share\filename
    TAKEOWN /S system /U user /P password /F Doc\Report.doc /A
    TAKEOWN /S system /U user /P password /F Myshare\* 
    TAKEOWN /S system /U user /P password /F Home\Logon /R
    TAKEOWN /S system /U user /P password /F Myshare\directory /R /A

TASKKILL

TASKKILL [/S system [/U username [/P [password]]]]
         { [/FI filter] [/PID processid | /IM imagename] } [/T] [/F]

Description:
    This tool is used to terminate tasks by process id (PID) or image name.

Parameter List:
    /S    system           Specifies the remote system to connect to.

    /U    [domain\]user    Specifies the user context under which the
                           command should execute.

    /P    [password]       Specifies the password for the given user
                           context. Prompts for input if omitted.

    /FI   filter           Applies a filter to select a set of tasks.
                           Allows "*" to be used. ex. imagename eq acme*

    /PID  processid        Specifies the PID of the process to be terminated.
                           Use TaskList to get the PID.

    /IM   imagename        Specifies the image name of the process
                           to be terminated. Wildcard '*' can be used
                           to specify all tasks or image names.

    /T                     Terminates the specified process and any
                           child processes which were started by it.

    /F                     Specifies to forcefully terminate the process(es).

    /?                     Displays this help message.

Filters:
    Filter Name   Valid Operators           Valid Value(s)
    -----------   ---------------           -------------------------
    STATUS        eq, ne                    RUNNING |
                                            NOT RESPONDING | UNKNOWN
    IMAGENAME     eq, ne                    Image name
    PID           eq, ne, gt, lt, ge, le    PID value
    SESSION       eq, ne, gt, lt, ge, le    Session number.
    CPUTIME       eq, ne, gt, lt, ge, le    CPU time in the format
                                            of hh:mm:ss.
                                            hh - hours,
                                            mm - minutes, ss - seconds
    MEMUSAGE      eq, ne, gt, lt, ge, le    Memory usage in KB
    USERNAME      eq, ne                    User name in [domain\]user
                                            format
    MODULES       eq, ne                    DLL name
    SERVICES      eq, ne                    Service name
    WINDOWTITLE   eq, ne                    Window title

    NOTE
    ----
    1) Wildcard '*' for /IM switch is accepted only when a filter is applied.
    2) Termination of remote processes will always be done forcefully (/F).
    3) "WINDOWTITLE" and "STATUS" filters are not considered when a remote
       machine is specified.

Examples:
    TASKKILL /IM notepad.exe
    TASKKILL /PID 1230 /PID 1241 /PID 1253 /T
    TASKKILL /F /IM cmd.exe /T 
    TASKKILL /F /FI "PID ge 1000" /FI "WINDOWTITLE ne untitle*"
    TASKKILL /F /FI "USERNAME eq NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM" /IM notepad.exe
    TASKKILL /S system /U domain\username /FI "USERNAME ne NT*" /IM *
    TASKKILL /S system /U username /P password /FI "IMAGENAME eq note*"

TASKLIST

TASKLIST [/S system [/U username [/P [password]]]]
         [/M [module] | /SVC | /V] [/FI filter] [/FO format] [/NH]

Description:
    This tool displays a list of currently running processes on
    either a local or remote machine.

Parameter List:
   /S     system           Specifies the remote system to connect to.

   /U     [domain\]user    Specifies the user context under which
                           the command should execute.

   /P     [password]       Specifies the password for the given
                           user context. Prompts for input if omitted.

   /M     [module]         Lists all tasks currently using the given
                           exe/dll name. If the module name is not
                           specified all loaded modules are displayed.

   /SVC                    Displays services hosted in each process.

   /V                      Displays verbose task information.

   /FI    filter           Displays a set of tasks that match a
                           given criteria specified by the filter.

   /FO    format           Specifies the output format.
                           Valid values: "TABLE", "LIST", "CSV".

   /NH                     Specifies that the "Column Header" should
                           not be displayed in the output.
                           Valid only for "TABLE" and "CSV" formats.

   /?                      Displays this help message.

Filters:
    Filter Name     Valid Operators           Valid Value(s)
    -----------     ---------------           --------------------------
    STATUS          eq, ne                    RUNNING | 
                                              NOT RESPONDING | UNKNOWN
    IMAGENAME       eq, ne                    Image name
    PID             eq, ne, gt, lt, ge, le    PID value
    SESSION         eq, ne, gt, lt, ge, le    Session number
    SESSIONNAME     eq, ne                    Session name
    CPUTIME         eq, ne, gt, lt, ge, le    CPU time in the format
                                              of hh:mm:ss.
                                              hh - hours,
                                              mm - minutes, ss - seconds
    MEMUSAGE        eq, ne, gt, lt, ge, le    Memory usage in KB
    USERNAME        eq, ne                    User name in [domain\]user
                                              format
    SERVICES        eq, ne                    Service name
    WINDOWTITLE     eq, ne                    Window title
    MODULES         eq, ne                    DLL name

NOTE: "WINDOWTITLE" and "STATUS" filters are not supported when querying
      a remote machine.

Examples:
    TASKLIST
    TASKLIST /M
    TASKLIST /V /FO CSV
    TASKLIST /SVC /FO LIST
    TASKLIST /M wbem*
    TASKLIST /S system /FO LIST
    TASKLIST /S system /U domain\username /FO CSV /NH
    TASKLIST /S system /U username /P password /FO TABLE /NH
    TASKLIST /FI "USERNAME ne NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM" /FI "STATUS eq running"

TIME

Displays or sets the system time.

TIME [/T | time]

Type TIME with no parameters to display the current time setting and a prompt
for a new one.  Press ENTER to keep the same time.

If Command Extensions are enabled the TIME command supports
the /T switch which tells the command to just output the
current time, without prompting for a new time.

TIMEOUT [/T] timeout [/NOBREAK] 

Description:
    This utility accepts a timeout parameter to wait for the specified
    time period (in seconds) or until any key is pressed. It also 
    accepts a parameter to ignore the key press. 

Parameter List:
    /T        timeout       Specifies the number of seconds to wait.
                            Valid range is -1 to 99999 seconds.

    /NOBREAK                Ignore key presses and wait specified time.

    /?                      Displays this help message.

NOTE: A timeout value of -1 means to wait indefinitely for a key press.

Examples:
    TIMEOUT /?
    TIMEOUT /T 10
    TIMEOUT /T 300 /NOBREAK
    TIMEOUT /T -1

TITLE

Sets the window title for the command prompt window.

TITLE [string]

  string       Specifies the title for the command prompt window.

Microsoft r TraceRpt.Exe (6.2.9200.16384)

Usage:
  TRACERPT <[-l] <value [value [...]]>|-rt <session_name [session_name [...]]>> [options]

Options:
  -?                            Displays context sensitive help.
  -config <filename>            Settings file containing command options.
  -y                            Answer yes to all questions without prompting.
  -f <XML|HTML>                 Report format.
  -of <CSV|EVTX|XML>            Dump format, the default is XML.
  -en <ANSI|Unicode>            Output file encoding. Only allowed with CSV
                                output format.
  -df <filename>                Microsoft specific counting/reporting schema
                                file.
  -import <filename [filename [...]]> Event Schema import file.
  -int <filename>               Dump interpreted event structure into
                                specified file.
  -rts                          Report raw timestamp in event trace header. 
                                Can only be used with -o, not -report or
                                -summary.
  -tmf <filename>               Trace Message Format definition file
  -tp <value>                   TMF file search path.  Multiple paths can be
                                used, separated with ';'.
  -i <value>                    Specifies the provider image path.  The
                                matching PDB will be located in the Symbol
                                Server. Multiple paths can be used, separated
                                with ';'.
  -pdb <value>                  Specifies the symbol server path.  Multiple
                                paths can be used, separated with ';'.
  -gmt                          Convert WPP payload timestamps to GMT time
  -rl <value>                   System Report Level from 1 to 5, the default
                                value is 1.
  -summary [filename]           Summary report text file. Default is
                                summary.txt.
  -o [filename]                 Text output file. Default is dumpfile.xml.
  -report [filename]            Text output report file. Default is
                                workload.xml.
  -lr                           Less restrictive; use best effort for events
                                not matching event schema.
  -export [filename]            Event Schema export file. Default is
                                schema.man.
  [-l] <value [value [...]]>    Event Trace log file to process.
  -rt <session_name [session_name [...]]> Real-time Event Trace Session data
                                source.

Examples:
  tracerpt logfile1.etl logfile2.etl -o logdump.xml -of XML
  tracerpt logfile.etl -o logdmp.xml -of XML -lr -summary logdmp.txt -report logrpt.xml
  tracerpt logfile1.etl logfile2.etl -o -report
  tracerpt logfile.etl counterfile.blg -report logrpt.xml -df schema.xml
  tracerpt -rt "NT Kernel Logger" -o logfile.csv -of CSV

Usage: tracert [-d] [-h maximum_hops] [-j host-list] [-w timeout] 
               [-R] [-S srcaddr] [-4] [-6] target_name

Options:
    -d                 Do not resolve addresses to hostnames.
    -h maximum_hops    Maximum number of hops to search for target.
    -j host-list       Loose source route along host-list (IPv4-only).
    -w timeout         Wait timeout milliseconds for each reply.
    -R                 Trace round-trip path (IPv6-only).
    -S srcaddr         Source address to use (IPv6-only).
    -4                 Force using IPv4.
    -6                 Force using IPv6.

TREE

Graphically displays the folder structure of a drive or path.

TREE [drive:][path] [/F] [/A]

   /F   Display the names of the files in each folder.
   /A   Use ASCII instead of extended characters.

Attaches a user session to a remote desktop session.

TSCON {sessionid | sessionname} [/DEST:sessionname]
        [/PASSWORD:pw | /PASSWORD:*] [/V]

  sessionid          The ID of the session.
  sessionname        The name of the session.
  /DEST:sessionname  Connect the session to destination sessionname.
  /PASSWORD:pw       Password of user owning identified session.
  /V                 Displays information about the actions performed.

Disconnects a Remote Desktop Services session.

TSDISCON [sessionid | sessionname] [/SERVER:servername] [/V] [/VM]

  sessionid           The ID of the session.
  sessionname         The name of the session.
  /SERVER:servername  Specifies the Remote Desktop Session Host server (default is current).
  /V                  Displays information about the actions performed.
  /VM                 Disconnects session on server or within virtual machine. The unique ID of the session needs to be specified.

Ends a process.

TSKILL processid | processname [/SERVER:servername] [/ID:sessionid | /A] [/V]

  processid           Process ID for the process to be terminated.
  processname         Process name to be terminated.
  /SERVER:servername  Server containing processID (default is current).
                         /ID or /A must be specified when using processname
                         and /SERVER
  /ID:sessionid       End process running under the specified session.
  /A                  End process running under ALL sessions.
  /V                  Display information about actions being performed.

TYPE

Displays the contents of a text file or files.

TYPE [drive:][path]filename

Microsoft r TypePerf.exe (6.2.9200.16384)

Typeperf writes performance data to the command window or to a log file. To
stop Typeperf, press CTRL+C.

Usage:
TYPEPERF { <counter [counter ...]> 
                                | -cf <filename> 
                                | -q [object] 
                                | -qx [object] 
                                } [options]

Parameters:
  <counter [counter ...]>       Performance counters to monitor.

Options:
  -?                            Displays context sensitive help.
  -f <CSV|TSV|BIN|SQL>          Output file format. Default is CSV.
  -cf <filename>                File containing performance counters to
                                monitor, one per line.
  -si <[[hh:]mm:]ss>            Time between samples. Default is 1 second.
  -o <filename>                 Path of output file or SQL database. Default
                                is STDOUT.
  -q [object]                   List installed counters (no instances). To
                                list counters for one object, include the
                                object name, such as Processor.
  -qx [object]                  List installed counters with instances. To
                                list counters for one object, include the
                                object name, such as Processor.
  -sc <samples>                 Number of samples to collect. Default is to
                                sample until CTRL+C.
  -config <filename>            Settings file containing command options.
  -s <computer_name>            Server to monitor if no server is specified
                                in the counter path.
  -y                            Answer yes to all questions without prompting.

Note:
  Counter is the full name of a performance counter in
  "\\<Computer>\<Object>(<Instance>)\<Counter>" format,
  such as "\\Server1\Processor(0)\% User Time".

Examples:
  typeperf "\Processor(_Total)\% Processor Time"
  typeperf -cf counters.txt -si 5 -sc 50 -f TSV -o domain2.tsv
  typeperf -qx PhysicalDisk -o counters.txt

Windows Time Zone Utility

Usage:
TZUTIL </? | /g | /s TimeZoneID[_dstoff] | /l>

Parameters:
    /? Displays usage information.

    /g Displays the current time zone ID.

    /s TimeZoneID[_dstoff]
       Sets the current time zone using the specified time zone ID.
       The _dstoff suffix disables Daylight Saving Time adjustments
       for the time zone (where applicable).

    /l Lists all valid time zone IDs and display names. The output will
       be: 
           <display name>
           <time zone ID>

Examples:
    TZUTIL /g
    TZUTIL /s "Pacific Standard Time"
    TZUTIL /s "Pacific Standard Time_dstoff"

Remarks:
    An exit code of 0 indicates the command completed successfully.

UNLODCTR
    Removes counter names and explain text for the specified extensible counter.

Usage:

    UNLODCTR <driver>
        driver is the name of the device driver which is to have its
            counter name definitions and explain text removed from the system's
            registry.

    UNLODCTR /m:<manifest>
        manifest is the name of the manifest file that contains performance
            counter definitions. These counters will be removed from local system.

    UNLODCTR /g:{ProviderGuid}
        ProviderGuid identifies the performance counter provider being unloaded.

    UNLODCTR /p:<ProviderName>
        ProviderName identifies the performance counter provider being unloaded.

Note: any arguments with spaces in the names must be enclosed within
Double Quotation marks.

Creates, displays and deletes stored credentials.
Following commands are supported.Use VaultCmd /<command> /? for further help 
VaultCmd /list
VaultCmd /listschema
VaultCmd /listcreds
VaultCmd /addcreds
VaultCmd /deletecreds
VaultCmd /listproperties
VaultCmd /sync

VER

Displays the Windows version.

VER

Driver Verifier Manager - version 6.2.9200.16384

Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
 
COMMON USAGE: 
  verifier /standard /all
  verifier /standard /driver NAME [NAME ...]
  verifier /flags FLAGS /all
  verifier /flags FLAGS /driver NAME [NAME ...]
  verifier /faults [PROB] [TAGS] [APPS] [MINS]
  verifier /log LOG_FILE_NAME [/interval SECONDS]
  verifier /query
  verifier /querysettings
  verifier /reset
  verifier /volatile /flags FLAGS
  verifier /volatile /adddriver NAME [NAME ...]
  verifier /volatile /removedriver NAME [NAME ...]
  verifier /volatile /faults [PROB] [TAGS] [APPS] [MINS]
 
/all
  Enable Driver Verifier on all drivers in a system.
 
/driver NAME [NAME ...]
  Specify the driver or list of drivers that should be verified.
  NAME is the name and extension of the file to verify (example: driver.sys).
  To enable Driver Verifier on more than one driver, list all drivers using a
  space separated list.  Wildcard values (such as n*.sys) are not supported.
 
/faults [PROB] [TAGS] [APPS] [MINS]
  Enable the low resources simulation bit and optionally control parameters 
  for the low resources simulation.
  PROB: A number between 1 and 10000 specifying the fault injection 
        probability. If this parameter is not specified, then the default 
        value of 600 (6%) will be used.
  TAGS: A space separated list of the pool tags to be injected with faults.
        If this parameter is not specified, then any pool allocation can be
        injected with faults.
  APPS: A space separated list of the image filename of the applications that
        will be injected with faults. If this parameter is not specified then
        the low resources simulation can take place in any application.
  MINS: A positive number indicating the of minutes after rebooting during 
        which no fault injection will occur. If this parameter is not 
        specified, then the default length of 8 minutes will be used.
 
/flags FLAGS 
  Specify which options are enabled for verification. 
  FLAGS value must be a number in decimal or hex (with 0x prefix).
  Note: Flags are applied to all drivers being checked by Driver Verifier. 
 
  STANDARD FLAGS:
  These flags are considered standard options for Driver Verifier and can be 
  set using '/standard' or by the combination of the options: '/flags 0x209BB'
    bit 0  (0x000001) - special pool checking
    bit 1  (0x000002) - force irql checking
    bit 3  (0x000008) - pool tracking
    bit 4  (0x000010) - I/O verification
    bit 5  (0x000020) - deadlock detection
    bit 7  (0x000080) - DMA verification
    bit 8  (0x000100) - security checks
    bit 11 (0x000800) - miscellaneous checks
    bit 17 (0x020000) - DDI compliance checking
 
  ADDITIONAL FLAGS:
  These flags are designed for specific scenario testing.
  Flags marked with a (*) require I/O Verification (bit 4) also be enabled.
    bit 2  (0x000004) - low resources simulation
    bit 9  (0x000200) - force pending I/O requests *
    bit 10 (0x000400) - IRP logging *
    bit 13 (0x002000) - invariant MDL checking for stack *
    bit 14 (0x004000) - invariant MDL checking for driver *
    bit 15 (0x008000) - power framework delay fuzzing
 
/log LOG_FILE_NAME [/interval SECONDS]
  Create a log file with the name LOG_FILE_NAME. 
  If '/interval' option is not specified, the default 30 seconds is used. 
  Note: If a 'verifier /log' command is typed at the command line, the command
  prompt does not return. Use CTRL+C to close the log and return.
 
/query
  Display a summary of Driver Verifier's current activity.
 
/querysettings
  Display a summary of the options and drivers that are currently enabled, 
  or options and drivers that will be verified after the next boot.  The 
  display does not include drivers and options added using /volatile.
 
/reset
  Clear all Driver Verifier settings. Requires reboot to take effect.
 
/standard
  Enable the Driver Verifier standard options. 
  The '/standard' flag is functionally equivalent to '/flags 0x209BB'
 
/volatile
  Change the verifier settings dynamically without rebooting the system.
  Volatile settings are in effect until the next system reboot. 
 
/volatile /adddriver NAME [NAME ...]
  Add the specified driver or drivers to the list of drivers that will be 
  checked with volatile settings. 
 
/volatile /removedriver NAME [NAME ...]
  Remove the specified driver or drivers from the list of drivers that are
  being checked with volatile settings. 
 

VERIFY

Tells cmd.exe whether to verify that your files are written correctly to a
disk.

VERIFY [ON | OFF]

Type VERIFY without a parameter to display the current VERIFY setting.

VOL

Displays the disk volume label and serial number, if they exist.

VOL [drive:]

vssadmin 1.1 - Volume Shadow Copy Service administrative command-line tool
(C) Copyright 2001-2012 Microsoft Corp.

---- Commands Supported ----

Delete Shadows        - Delete volume shadow copies
List Providers        - List registered volume shadow copy providers
List Shadows          - List existing volume shadow copies
List ShadowStorage    - List volume shadow copy storage associations
List Volumes          - List volumes eligible for shadow copies
List Writers          - List subscribed volume shadow copy writers
Resize ShadowStorage  - Resize a volume shadow copy storage association

w32tm [/? | /register | /unregister ]
  ? - this help screen.
  register - register to run as a service and add default
    configuration to the registry.
  unregister - unregister service and remove all configuration
    information from the registry.

w32tm /monitor [/domain:<domain name>]
               [/computers:<name>[,<name>[,<name>...]]]
               [/threads:<num>] [/ipprotocol:<4|6>] [/nowarn]
  domain - specifies which domain to monitor. If no domain name
    is given, or neither the domain nor computers option is
    specified, the default domain is used. This option may be
    used more than once.
  computers - monitors the given list of computers. Computer
   names are separated by commas, with no spaces. If a name is
    prefixed with a '*', it is treated as an AD PDC. This option
    may be used more than once.
  threads - how many computers to analyze simultaneously. The
    default value is 3. Allowed range is 1-50.
  ipprotocol - specify the IP protocol to use. The default is
    to use whatever is available.
  nowarn - skip warning message.

w32tm /ntte <NT time epoch>
  Convert a NT system time, in (10ˆ-7)s intervals from 0h 1-Jan 1601,
  into a readable format.

w32tm /ntpte <NTP time epoch>
  Convert an NTP time, in (2ˆ-32)s intervals from 0h 1-Jan 1900, into
  a readable format.

w32tm /resync [/computer:<computer>] [/nowait] [/rediscover] [/soft]
  Tell a computer that it should resynchronize its clock as soon
  as possible, throwing out all accumulated error statistics.
  computer:<computer> - computer that should resync. If not
    specified, the local computer will resync.
  nowait - do not wait for the resync to occur;
    return immediately. Otherwise, wait for the resync to
    complete before returning.
  rediscover - redetect the network configuration and rediscover
    network sources, then resynchronize.
  soft - resync utilizing existing error statistics. Not useful,
    provided for compatibility.

w32tm /stripchart /computer:<target> [/period:<refresh>]
    [/dataonly] [/samples:<count>] [/packetinfo] [/ipprotocol:<4|6>]
  Display a strip chart of the offset between this computer and
  another computer.
  computer:<target> - the computer to measure the offset against.
  period:<refresh> - the time between samples, in seconds. The
    default is 2s
  dataonly - display only the data, no graphics.
  samples:<count> - collect <count> samples, then stop. If not
    specified, samples will be collected until Ctrl-C is pressed.
  packetinfo - print out NTP packet response message.
  ipprotocol - specify the IP protocol to use. The default is 
    to use whatever is available.

w32tm /config [/computer:<target>] [/update]
    [/manualpeerlist:<peers>] [/syncfromflags:<source>]
    [/LocalClockDispersion:<seconds>]
    [/reliable:(YES|NO)]
    [/largephaseoffset:<milliseconds>]
  computer:<target> - adjusts the configuration of <target>. If not
    specified, the default is the local computer.
  update - notifies the time service that the configuration has
    changed, causing the changes to take effect.
  manualpeerlist:<peers> - sets the manual peer list to <peers>,
    which is a space-delimited list of DNS and/or IP addresses.
    When specifying multiple peers, this switch must be enclosed in
    quotes.
  syncfromflags:<source> - sets what sources the NTP client should
    sync from. <source> should be a comma separated list of
    these keywords (not case sensitive):
      MANUAL - sync from peers in the manual peer list
      DOMHIER - sync from an AD DC in the domain hierarchy
      NO - sync from none
      ALL - sync from both manual and domain peers 
  LocalClockDispersion:<seconds> - configures the accuracy of the
    internal clock that w32time will assume when it can't acquire 
    time from its configured sources.  
  reliable:(YES|NO) - set whether this machine is a reliable time source.
    This setting is only meaningful on domain controllers.  
      YES - this machine is a reliable time service
      NO - this machine is not a reliable time service
  largephaseoffset:<milliseconds> - sets the time difference between 
    local and network time which w32time will consider a spike.  

w32tm /tz
  Display the current time zone settings.

w32tm /dumpreg [/subkey:<key>] [/computer:<target>]
  Display the values associated with a given registry key.
  The default key is HKLM\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\W32Time
    (the root key for the time service).
  subkey:<key> - displays the values associated with subkey <key> 
    of the default key.
  computer:<target> - queries registry settings for computer <target>.

w32tm /query [/computer:<target>] 
    {/source | /configuration | /peers | /status} 
    [/verbose]
  Display a computer's windows time service information.
  computer:<target> - query the information of <target>. If not
    specified, the default is the local computer.
  source: display the time source.
  configuration: display the configuration of run-time and where 
    the setting comes from. In verbose mode, display the undefined 
    or unused setting too.
  peers: display a list of peers and their status.
  status: display windows time service status.
  verbose: set the verbose mode to display more information.

w32tm /debug {/disable | {/enable /file:<name> /size:<bytes> /entries:<value>
    [/truncate]}}  
  Enable or disable local computer windows time service private log.
  disable: disable the private log.
  enable: enable the private log.
    file:<name> - specify the absolute filename.
    size:<bytes> - specify the maximum size for circular logging.
    entries:<value> - contains a list of flags, specified by number and
      separated by commas, that specify the types of information that 
      should be logged. Valid numbers are 0 to 300. A range of numbers 
      is valid, in addition to single numbers, such as 0-100,103,106. 
      Value 0-300 is for logging all information.
  truncate: truncate the file if it exists.

WaitFor has two ways of working: 

Syntax 1: to send a signal
    WAITFOR [/S system [/U user [/P [password]]]] /SI signal

Syntax 2: to wait for a signal
    WAITFOR [/T timeout] signal 

Description:
    This tool sends, or waits for, a signal on a system. When /S is not
    specified, the signal will be broadcasted to all the systems in a
    domain. If /S is specified, then the signal will be sent only
    to the specified system.

Parameter List:
    /S     system         Specifies remote system to send signal to.

    /U     [domain\]user  Specifies the user context under which
                          the command should execute.

    /P     [password]     Specifies the password for the given user context.

    /SI                   Sends the signal across the net to waiting machines

    /T     timeout        Number of seconds to wait for signal. Valid range
                          is 1 - 99999. Default is to wait forever for signal.

    signal                The name of the signal to wait for or to send.

    /?                    Displays this help message.

    NOTE: A system can wait for multiple unique signal names.
    The signal name cannot exceed 225 characters and cannot
    contain characters other than a-z, A-Z, 0-9 and ASCII 
    characters in the range 128-255.

Examples:
    WAITFOR /?
    WAITFOR SetupReady 
    WAITFOR CopyDone /T 100 
    WAITFOR /SI SetupReady 
    WAITFOR /S system  /U user /P password /SI CopyDone

wbadmin 1.0 - Backup command-line tool
(C) Copyright 2012 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

---- Commands Supported ----

START BACKUP              -- Runs a one-time backup.
STOP JOB                  -- Stops the currently running backup or recovery 
                              operation.
GET VERSIONS              -- Lists details of backups that can be recovered 
                              from a specified location.
GET ITEMS                 -- Lists items contained in a backup.
GET STATUS                -- Reports the status of the currently running 
                              operation.

Windows Event Collector Utility

Enables you to create and manage subscriptions to events forwarded from remote
event sources that support WS-Management protocol.

Usage:

You can use either the short (i.e. es, /f) or long (i.e. enum-subscription, /format)
version of the command and option names. Commands, options and option values are
case-insensitive.

(ALL UPPER-CASE = VARIABLE)

wecutil COMMAND [ARGUMENT [ARGUMENT] ...] [/OPTION:VALUE [/OPTION:VALUE] ...]

Commands:

es (enum-subscription)               List existent subscriptions.
gs (get-subscription)                Get subscription configuration.
gr (get-subscriptionruntimestatus)   Get subscription runtime status.
ss (set-subscription)                Set subscription configuration.
cs (create-subscription)             Create new subscription.
ds (delete-subscription)             Delete subscription.
rs (retry-subscription)              Retry subscription.
qc (quick-config)                    Configure Windows Event Collector service.

Common options:

/h|? (help)
Get general help for the wecutil program.

wecutil { -help | -h | -? }

For arguments and options, see usage of specific commands:

wecutil COMMAND -?

Windows Events Command Line Utility.

Enables you to retrieve information about event logs and publishers, install
and uninstall event manifests, run queries, and export, archive, and clear logs.

Usage:

You can use either the short (for example, ep /uni) or long (for example, 
enum-publishers /unicode) version of the command and option names. Commands, 
options and option values are not case-sensitive.

Variables are noted in all upper-case.

wevtutil COMMAND [ARGUMENT [ARGUMENT] ...] [/OPTION:VALUE [/OPTION:VALUE] ...]

Commands:

el | enum-logs          List log names.
gl | get-log            Get log configuration information.
sl | set-log            Modify configuration of a log.
ep | enum-publishers    List event publishers.
gp | get-publisher      Get publisher configuration information.
im | install-manifest   Install event publishers and logs from manifest.
um | uninstall-manifest Uninstall event publishers and logs from manifest.
qe | query-events       Query events from a log or log file.
gli | get-log-info      Get log status information.
epl | export-log        Export a log.
al | archive-log        Archive an exported log.
cl | clear-log          Clear a log.

Common options:

/{r | remote}:VALUE
If specified, run the command on a remote computer. VALUE is the remote computer 
name. Options /im and /um do not support remote operations.

/{u | username}:VALUE
Specify a different user to log on to the remote computer. VALUE is a user name
in the form domain\user or user. Only applicable when option /r is specified.

/{p | password}:VALUE
Password for the specified user. If not specified, or if VALUE is "*", the user 
will be prompted to enter a password. Only applicable when the /u option is
specified.

/{a | authentication}:[Default|Negotiate|Kerberos|NTLM]
Authentication type for connecting to remote computer. The default is Negotiate.

/{uni | unicode}:[true|false]
Display output in Unicode. If true, then output is in Unicode. 

To learn more about a specific command, type the following:

wevtutil COMMAND /?

WHERE [/R dir] [/Q] [/F] [/T] pattern...

Description:
    Displays the location of files that match the search pattern.
    By default, the search is done along the current directory and
    in the paths specified by the PATH environment variable.

Parameter List:
    /R       Recursively searches and displays the files that match the
             given pattern starting from the specified directory.

    /Q       Returns only the exit code, without displaying the list
             of matched files. (Quiet mode)

    /F       Displays the matched filename in double quotes.

    /T       Displays the file size, last modified date and time for all
             matched files.

    pattern  Specifies the search pattern for the files to match.
             Wildcards * and ? can be used in the pattern. The
             "$env:pattern" and "path:pattern" formats can also be
             specified, where "env" is an environment variable and
             the search is done in the specified paths of the "env"
             environment variable. These formats should not be used
             with /R. The search is also done by appending the
             extensions of the PATHEXT variable to the pattern.

     /?      Displays this help message.

  NOTE: The tool returns an error level of 0 if the search is
        successful, of 1 if the search is unsuccessful and
        of 2 for failures or errors.

Examples:
    WHERE /?
    WHERE myfilename1 myfile????.*
    WHERE $windir:*.* 
    WHERE /R c:\windows *.exe *.dll *.bat  
    WHERE /Q ??.??? 
    WHERE "c:\windows;c:\windows\system32:*.dll"
    WHERE /F /T *.dll 

WhoAmI has three ways of working: 

Syntax 1:
    WHOAMI [/UPN | /FQDN | /LOGONID]

Syntax 2:
    WHOAMI { [/USER] [/GROUPS] [/CLAIMS] [/PRIV] } [/FO format] [/NH]

Syntax 3:
    WHOAMI /ALL [/FO format] [/NH]

Description:
    This utility can be used to get user name and group information
    along with the respective security identifiers (SID), claims,
    privileges, logon identifier (logon ID) for the current user
    on the local system. I.e. who is the current logged on user?
    If no switch is specified, tool displays the user name in NTLM
    format (domain\username).

Parameter List:
    /UPN                    Displays the user name in User Principal 
                            Name (UPN) format.

    /FQDN                   Displays the user name in Fully Qualified 
                            Distinguished Name (FQDN) format.

    /USER                   Displays information on the current user
                            along with the security identifier (SID).

    /GROUPS                 Displays group membership for current user,
                            type of account, security identifiers (SID)
                            and attributes.

    /CLAIMS                 Displays claims for current user,
                            including claim name, flags, type and values.

    /PRIV                   Displays security privileges of the current
                            user.

    /LOGONID                Displays the logon ID of the current user.

    /ALL                    Displays the current user name, groups 
                            belonged to along with the security 
                            identifiers (SID), claims and privileges for 
                            the current user access token.

    /FO       format        Specifies the output format to be displayed.
                            Valid values are TABLE, LIST, CSV.
                            Column headings are not displayed with CSV
                            format. Default format is TABLE.

    /NH                     Specifies that the column header should not
                            be displayed in the output. This is
                            valid only for TABLE and CSV formats.

    /?                      Displays this help message.

Examples:
    WHOAMI
    WHOAMI /UPN
    WHOAMI /FQDN 
    WHOAMI /LOGONID
    WHOAMI /USER
    WHOAMI /USER /FO LIST
    WHOAMI /USER /FO CSV
    WHOAMI /GROUPS
    WHOAMI /GROUPS /FO CSV /NH
    WHOAMI /CLAIMS
    WHOAMI /CLAIMS /FO LIST
    WHOAMI /PRIV
    WHOAMI /PRIV /FO TABLE
    WHOAMI /USER /GROUPS
    WHOAMI /USER /GROUPS /CLAIMS /PRIV
    WHOAMI /ALL
    WHOAMI /ALL /FO LIST
    WHOAMI /ALL /FO CSV /NH
    WHOAMI /?

Windows Remote Management Command Line Tool

Windows Remote Management (WinRM) is the Microsoft implementation of 
the WS-Management protocol which provides a secure way to communicate 
with local and remote computers using web services.  

Usage:
  winrm OPERATION RESOURCE_URI [-SWITCH:VALUE [-SWITCH:VALUE] ...]
        [@{KEY=VALUE[;KEY=VALUE]...}]

For help on a specific operation:
  winrm g[et] -?        Retrieving management information.
  winrm s[et] -?        Modifying management information.
  winrm c[reate] -?     Creating new instances of management resources.
  winrm d[elete] -?     Remove an instance of a management resource.
  winrm e[numerate] -?  List all instances of a management resource.
  winrm i[nvoke] -?     Executes a method on a management resource.
  winrm id[entify] -?   Determines if a WS-Management implementation is
                        running on the remote machine.
  winrm quickconfig -?  Configures this machine to accept WS-Management
                        requests from other machines.
  winrm configSDDL -?   Modify an existing security descriptor for a URI.
  winrm helpmsg -?      Displays error message for the error code.

For help on related topics:
  winrm help uris       How to construct resource URIs.
  winrm help aliases    Abbreviations for URIs.
  winrm help config     Configuring WinRM client and service settings.
  winrm help certmapping Configuring client certificate access.
  winrm help remoting   How to access remote machines.
  winrm help auth       Providing credentials for remote access.
  winrm help input      Providing input to create, set, and invoke.
  winrm help switches   Other switches such as formatting, options, etc.
  winrm help proxy      Providing proxy information.

USAGE
=====
(ALL UPPER-CASE = value that must be supplied by user.)

winrs [-/SWITCH[:VALUE]] COMMAND

COMMAND - Any string that can be executed as a command in the cmd.exe shell.

SWITCHES
========
(All switches accept both short form or long form. For example both -r and 
-remote are valid.)

-r[emote]:ENDPOINT      - The target endpoint using a NetBIOS name or the standard connection URL: [TRANSPORT://]TARGET[:PORT]. If not specified 
-r:localhost is used.

-un[encrypted]          - Specify that the messages to the remote shell will not be encrypted. This is useful for troubleshooting, or when the network traffic is already encrypted using ipsec, or when physical security is enforced. By default the messages are encrypted using Kerberos or NTLM keys. This switch is ignored when HTTPS transport is selected. 

-u[sername]:USERNAME    - Specify username on command line. If not specified the tool will use Negotiate authentication or prompt for the name. 
If -username is specified, -password must be as well.

-p[assword]:PASSWORD    - Specify password on command line. If -password is not specified but -username is the tool will prompt for the password. If -password is specified, -user must be specified as well.

-t[imeout]:SECONDS      - This option is deprecated. 

-d[irectory]:PATH       - Specifies starting directory for remote shell. If not specified the remote shell will start in the user's home directory defined by the environment variable %USERPROFILE%.

-env[ironment]:STRING=VALUE   - Specifies a single environment variable to be set when shell starts, which allows changing default environment for shell. Multiple occurrences of this switch must be used to specify multiple environment variables.

-noe[cho]               - Specifies that echo should be disabled. This may be necessary to ensure that user's answers to remote prompts are not displayed locally. By default echo is "on".

-nop[rofile]            - Specifies that the user's profile should not be loaded. By default the server will attempt to load the user profile. If the remote user is not a local administrator on the target system then this option will be required (the default will result in error).

-a[llow]d[elegate]      - Specifies that the user's credentials can be used to access a remote share, for example, found on a different machine than the target endpoint.

-comp[ression]          - Turn on compression.  Older installations on remote machines may not support compression so it is off by default.

-[use]ssl               - Use an SSL connection when using a remote endpoint.  Specifying this instead of the transport "https:" will use the default WinRM default port. 

-?                      - Help

To terminate the remote command the user can type Ctrl-C or Ctrl-Break, which will be sent to the remote shell. The second Ctrl-C will force termination of winrs.exe.

To manage active remote shells or WinRS configuration, use the WinRM tool.  The URI alias to manage active shells is shell/cmd.  The URI alias for WinRS configuration is winrm/config/winrs.  Example usage can be found in the WinRM tool by typing "WinRM -?".

Examples:
winrs -r:https://myserver.com command
winrs -r:myserver.com -usessl command
winrs -r:myserver command
winrs -r:http://127.0.0.1 command
winrs -r:http://169.51.2.101:80 -unencrypted command
winrs -r:https://[::FFFF:129.144.52.38] command
winrs -r:http://[1080:0:0:0:8:800:200C:417A]:80 command
winrs -r:https://myserver.com -t:600 -u:administrator -p:$%fgh7 ipconfig
winrs -r:myserver -env:PATH=ˆ%PATHˆ%;c:\tools -env:TEMP=d:\temp config.cmd
winrs -r:myserver netdom join myserver /domain:testdomain /userd:johns /passwordd:$%fgh789
winrs -r:myserver -ad -u:administrator -p:$%fgh7 dir \\anotherserver\share

WMIC

[global switches] <command>

The following global switches are available:
/NAMESPACE           Path for the namespace the alias operate against.
/ROLE                Path for the role containing the alias definitions.
/NODE                Servers the alias will operate against.
/IMPLEVEL            Client impersonation level.
/AUTHLEVEL           Client authentication level.
/LOCALE              Language id the client should use.
/PRIVILEGES          Enable or disable all privileges.
/TRACE               Outputs debugging information to stderr.
/RECORD              Logs all input commands and output.
/INTERACTIVE         Sets or resets the interactive mode.
/FAILFAST            Sets or resets the FailFast mode.
/USER                User to be used during the session.
/PASSWORD            Password to be used for session login.
/OUTPUT              Specifies the mode for output redirection.
/APPEND              Specifies the mode for output redirection.
/AGGREGATE           Sets or resets aggregate mode.
/AUTHORITY           Specifies the <authority type> for the connection.
/?[:<BRIEF|FULL>]    Usage information.

For more information on a specific global switch, type: switch-name /?


The following alias/es are available in the current role:
ALIAS                    - Access to the aliases available on the local system
BASEBOARD                - Base board (also known as a motherboard or system board) management.
BIOS                     - Basic input/output services (BIOS) management.
BOOTCONFIG               - Boot configuration management.
CDROM                    - CD-ROM management.
COMPUTERSYSTEM           - Computer system management.
CPU                      - CPU management.
CSPRODUCT                - Computer system product information from SMBIOS. 
DATAFILE                 - DataFile Management.  
DCOMAPP                  - DCOM Application management.
DESKTOP                  - User's Desktop management.
DESKTOPMONITOR           - Desktop Monitor management.
DEVICEMEMORYADDRESS      - Device memory addresses management.
DISKDRIVE                - Physical disk drive management. 
DISKQUOTA                - Disk space usage for NTFS volumes.
DMACHANNEL               - Direct memory access (DMA) channel management.
ENVIRONMENT              - System environment settings management.
FSDIR                    - Filesystem directory entry management. 
GROUP                    - Group account management. 
IDECONTROLLER            - IDE Controller management.  
IRQ                      - Interrupt request line (IRQ) management. 
JOB                      - Provides  access to the jobs scheduled using the schedule service. 
LOADORDER                - Management of system services that define execution dependencies. 
LOGICALDISK              - Local storage device management.
LOGON                    - LOGON Sessions.  
MEMCACHE                 - Cache memory management.
MEMORYCHIP               - Memory chip information.
MEMPHYSICAL              - Computer system's physical memory management. 
NETCLIENT                - Network Client management.
NETLOGIN                 - Network login information (of a particular user) management. 
NETPROTOCOL              - Protocols (and their network characteristics) management.
NETUSE                   - Active network connection management.
NIC                      - Network Interface Controller (NIC) management.
NICCONFIG                - Network adapter management. 
NTDOMAIN                 - NT Domain management.  
NTEVENT                  - Entries in the NT Event Log.  
NTEVENTLOG               - NT eventlog file management. 
ONBOARDDEVICE            - Management of common adapter devices built into the motherboard (system board).
OS                       - Installed Operating System/s management. 
PAGEFILE                 - Virtual memory file swapping management. 
PAGEFILESET              - Page file settings management. 
PARTITION                - Management of partitioned areas of a physical disk.
PORT                     - I/O port management.
PORTCONNECTOR            - Physical connection ports management.
PRINTER                  - Printer device management. 
PRINTERCONFIG            - Printer device configuration management.  
PRINTJOB                 - Print job management. 
PROCESS                  - Process management. 
PRODUCT                  - Installation package task management. 
QFE                      - Quick Fix Engineering.  
QUOTASETTING             - Setting information for disk quotas on a volume. 
RDACCOUNT                - Remote Desktop connection permission management.
RDNIC                    - Remote Desktop connection management on a specific network adapter.
RDPERMISSIONS            - Permissions to a specific Remote Desktop connection.
RDTOGGLE                 - Turning Remote Desktop listener on or off remotely.
RECOVEROS                - Information that will be gathered from memory when the operating system fails. 
REGISTRY                 - Computer system registry management.
SCSICONTROLLER           - SCSI Controller management.  
SERVER                   - Server information management. 
SERVICE                  - Service application management. 
SHADOWCOPY               - Shadow copy management.
SHADOWSTORAGE            - Shadow copy storage area management.
SHARE                    - Shared resource management. 
SOFTWAREELEMENT          - Management of the  elements of a software product installed on a system.
SOFTWAREFEATURE          - Management of software product subsets of SoftwareElement. 
SOUNDDEV                 - Sound Device management.
STARTUP                  - Management of commands that run automatically when users log onto the computer system.
SYSACCOUNT               - System account management.  
SYSDRIVER                - Management of the system driver for a base service.
SYSTEMENCLOSURE          - Physical system enclosure management.
SYSTEMSLOT               - Management of physical connection points including ports,  slots and peripherals, and proprietary connections points.
TAPEDRIVE                - Tape drive management.  
TEMPERATURE              - Data management of a temperature sensor (electronic thermometer).
TIMEZONE                 - Time zone data management. 
UPS                      - Uninterruptible power supply (UPS) management. 
USERACCOUNT              - User account management.
VOLTAGE                  - Voltage sensor (electronic voltmeter) data management.
VOLUME                   - Local storage volume management.
VOLUMEQUOTASETTING       - Associates the disk quota setting with a specific disk volume. 
VOLUMEUSERQUOTA          - Per user storage volume quota management.
WMISET                   - WMI service operational parameters management. 

For more information on a specific alias, type: alias /?

CLASS     - Escapes to full WMI schema.
PATH      - Escapes to full WMI object paths.
CONTEXT   - Displays the state of all the global switches.
QUIT/EXIT - Exits the program.

For more information on CLASS/PATH/CONTEXT, type: (CLASS | PATH | CONTEXT) /?

XCOPY

Copies files and directory trees.

XCOPY source [destination] [/A | /M] [/D[:date]] [/P] [/S [/E]] [/V] [/W]
                           [/C] [/I] [/Q] [/F] [/L] [/G] [/H] [/R] [/T] [/U]
                           [/K] [/N] [/O] [/X] [/Y] [/-Y] [/Z] [/B] [/J]
                           [/EXCLUDE:file1[+file2][+file3]...]

  source       Specifies the file(s) to copy.
  destination  Specifies the location and/or name of new files.
  /A           Copies only files with the archive attribute set,
               doesn't change the attribute.
  /M           Copies only files with the archive attribute set,
               turns off the archive attribute.
  /D:m-d-y     Copies files changed on or after the specified date.
               If no date is given, copies only those files whose
               source time is newer than the destination time.
  /EXCLUDE:file1[+file2][+file3]...
               Specifies a list of files containing strings.  Each string
               should be in a separate line in the files.  When any of the
               strings match any part of the absolute path of the file to be
               copied, that file will be excluded from being copied.  For
               example, specifying a string like \obj\ or .obj will exclude
               all files underneath the directory obj or all files with the
               .obj extension respectively.
  /P           Prompts you before creating each destination file.
  /S           Copies directories and subdirectories except empty ones.
  /E           Copies directories and subdirectories, including empty ones.
               Same as /S /E. May be used to modify /T.
  /V           Verifies the size of each new file.
  /W           Prompts you to press a key before copying.
  /C           Continues copying even if errors occur.
  /I           If destination does not exist and copying more than one file,
               assumes that destination must be a directory.
  /Q           Does not display file names while copying.
  /F           Displays full source and destination file names while copying.
  /L           Displays files that would be copied.
  /G           Allows the copying of encrypted files to destination that does
               not support encryption.
  /H           Copies hidden and system files also.
  /R           Overwrites read-only files.
  /T           Creates directory structure, but does not copy files. Does not
               include empty directories or subdirectories. /T /E includes
               empty directories and subdirectories.
  /U           Copies only files that already exist in destination.
  /K           Copies attributes. Normal Xcopy will reset read-only attributes.
  /N           Copies using the generated short names.
  /O           Copies file ownership and ACL information.
  /X           Copies file audit settings (implies /O).
  /Y           Suppresses prompting to confirm you want to overwrite an
               existing destination file.
  /-Y          Causes prompting to confirm you want to overwrite an
               existing destination file.
  /Z           Copies networked files in restartable mode.
  /B           Copies the Symbolic Link itself versus the target of the link.
  /J           Copies using unbuffered I/O. Recommended for very large files.

The switch /Y may be preset in the COPYCMD environment variable.
This may be overridden with /-Y on the command line.